Dupanloup，" by Abbé La Grange， I II .， p. 19. (Letter to his clergy， 1863.) He enumerates what he had done in his diocese： "The parochial retraites which have amounted to nearly one hundred； the perpetual adoration of the Holy Sacrament established in all the parishes；confirmation， not alone in the cantonal town but in the smallest villages and always preceded by the mission； the canonical visit made annually in each parish， partly by the archdeacon， partly by the dean， and partly by the bishop； . . . the vicarships doubled； life in common established among the parochial clergy； sisters of charity for schools and the sick multiplied in the diocese and spread on all sides；augmentation of everything concerning ecclesiastical studies， the number of small and large seminaries being largely increased；examinations of young priests； ecclesiastical lectures； grades organized and raised； churches and rectories everywhere rebuilt or 'repaired； a great diocesan work in helping poor parishes and， to sustain it， the diocesan lottery and fair of the ladies of Orleans；finally， retraites and communions for men established， and also in other important towns and parishes of the diocese." (P. 46.) (Letter of January 26， 1846， prescribing in each parish the exact holding of the status animarum， which status is his criterion for placing a curé.) "The état de Paques in his parish must always be known while he is in it， before withdrawing him and placing him elsewhere."[52] The drafters of the charter of the United Nations Staff Rules had the same idea in mind when writing Regulation 1.2： "Staff members are subject to the authority of the Secretary-General and to assignment by him to any of the activities or offices of the United Nations. They are responsible to him in the exercise of their functions. The whole time of staff members shall be at the disposal of the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General shall establish a normal working week."The disciplinary means of which the bishops disposed are， however， lacking in the United Nations secretariat. (SR.)[53] "Moniteur，" session of March 14 1865. (Speech of Cardinal de Bonnechose.) "What would we do without our monks， Jesuits， Dominicans， Carmelites， etc.， to preach at Advent and during Lent， and act as missionaries in the country？ The (parochial) clergy is not numerous enough to do this daily work."[54] Pr？lectiones juris canonici， II.， 305 and following pages.
[55] "La Charité à Nancy，" by Abbé Girard， 1890， I. vol. - "La Charitéà Angers，" by Léon Cosnier， 1890， 2 vols. - "Manuel des oeuvres et institutions charitable à Paris，" by Lacour， I vol. - "Les Congrégations religieuses en France，" by émile Keller， 1880， 1 vol，[56] "Vie de Mgr. Dupanloup，" I.， 506 (1853). "More than one hundred free ecclesiastical establishments for secondary education have been founded since the law of 1850." - " Statistique de l'enseignement secondaire." In 1865， there were 276 free ecclesiastical schools for secondary instruction with 34，897 pupils， of which 23.549 were boarders and 11，348 day-scholars. In 1876， there were 390 with 46，816pupils， of which 33，092 were boarders and 13，724 day-scholars.
[57] "La Charité à Nancy，" by Abbé Girard， p.87. - "Vie du Cardinal Mathieu，"by Mgr. Besson， 2 vols.
[58] December， 1890.
[59] Cf.， in the above-mentioned biographies， the public and political discourses of the leading prelates， especially those of M. Mathieu (of Besan？on)， M. Dupanloup (of Orleans)， Mgr. de Bonnechose (of Rouen)， and particularly Mgr. Pie (of Poitiers).
[60] A fact told me by a lady， an eye-witness. In the seventeenth century it is probable that Fénelon or Bossuet would have regarded such a response as extravagant and even sacrilegious.
[61] Imagine the impression this might have had on ambitious men dreaming of establishing their own faithful parties. (SR.)[62] Abbé Elie Méric， in the "Correspondant" of January 10， 1890， p.
18.
[63] "De 1'état actuel du clergé en France" (1839)， p.248， by the brothers Allignol. Careers of every kind are too crowded； "only the ecclesiastical is in want of subjects； willing youths are the only ones wanted and none are found." This is due， say these authors， to the profession of assistant-priest being too gloomy -eight years of preparatory study five years in the seminary， 800 francs of pay with the risk of losing it any day， poor extras， a life-servitude， no retiring pension， etc. - "Le Grand Péril de L'église en France，" by Abbé Bougaud (4th ed.， 1879)， pp 2-23. - "Lettre Circulaire" (No. 53)of Mgr. Thiebaut， archbishop of Rouen， 1890， p.618.
[64] There is a gradual suppression of the subvention in 1877 and 1853and a final one in 1885.
[65] Abbé Bougaud， Ibid.， p. 118， etc. - The lower seminary contains about 200 or 250 pupils. Scarcely one of these pays full board. They pay on the average from 100 to 200 frs. per head， while their maintenance costs 400 francs. - The instructors who are priests get 600 francs a year. Those who are not priests get 300 francs， which adds 12，000 francs to the expenses and brings the total deficit up to 42，000 or 52，000 francs.
[66] Somewhat like television where he who controls this media controls the minds of the people. (SR.)[67] Circular letter (No. 53) of M. Léon， archbishop of Rouen (1890)， p. 618 and following pages.