[24]. Warroquier， vol. I. ibid.， - "Marie Antoinette，" by d'Arneth and Geffroy. Letter of Mercy， Sept. 16， 1773. "The multitude of people of various occupations following the king on his travels resembles the progress of an army."[25]. The civil households of the king， queen， and Mme. Elisabeth， of Mesdames， and Mme. Royale， 25，700，000. - To the king's brothers and sisters-in-law， 8，040，000. - The king's military household， 7，681，000， (Necker， "Compte-rendu，" II. 119). From 1774 to 1788 the expenditure on the households of the king and his family varies from 32 to 36millions， not including the military household， ("La Maison du roi justiftiée"). In 1789 the households of the king， queen， Dauphin， royal children and of Mesdames， cost 25 millions. - Those of Monsieur and Madame， 3，656，000； those of the Count and Countess d'Artois， 3，656，000； those of the Dukes de Berri and d'Angoulême， 700，000；salaries continued to persons formerly in the princes' service， 228，000. The total is 33，240，000. - To this must be added the king's military household and two millions in the princes' appanages. (Ageneral account of fixed incomes and expenditure on the first of May， 1789， rendered by the minister of finances to the committee on finances of the National Assembly.)[26]. Warroquier， ibid，(1789) vol. I.， passim.
[27]. An expression of the Comte d'Artois on introducing the officers of his household to his wife.
[28]. The number of light-horsemen and of gendarmes was reduced in 1775 and in 1776； both bodies were suppressed in 1787.
[29]. The President of the 5th French Republic founded by General de Gaulle is even today the source of numerous appointments of great importance. (SR.)[30]. Saint-Simon， "Mémoires，" XVI. 456. This need of being always surrounded continues up to the last moment； in 1791， the queen exclaimed bitterly， speaking of the nobility， "when any proceeding of ours displeases them they are sulky； no one comes to my table； the king retires alone； we have to suffer for our misfortunes." (Mme.
Campan， II. 177.)
[31]. Duc de Lévis， "Souvenirs et Portraits，" 29. - Mme. de Maintenon， "Correspondance."[32]. M. de V - who was promised a king's lieutenancy or command， yields it to one of Mme. de Pompadour's protégés， obtaining in lieu of it the part of the exempt in "Tartuffe，" played by the seigniors before the king in the small cabinet. (Mme. de Hausset， 168). "M.
de V，- thanked Madame as if she had made him a duke."[33]. "Paris， Versailles et les provinces au dix-huitième siècle，"II. 160， 168. - Mercier， "Tableau de Paris，" IV. 150. - De Ségur， "Mémoires，" I. 16.
[34]. "Marie Antoinette，" by D'Arneth and Geffroy， II. 27， 255， 281. "-- Gustave III." by Geffroy， November， 1786， bulletin of Mme. de Sta？l. - D'Hézecques， ibid.. 231. - Archives nationales， 01， 736， a letter by M. Amelot， September 23， 1780. - De Luynes， XV. 260， 367；XVI. 163 ladies， of which 42 are in service， appear and courtesy to the king. 160 men and more than 100 ladies pay their respects to the Dauphin and Dauphine.
[35]. Cochin. Engravings of a masked ball， of a dress ball， of the king and queen at play， of the interior of the theater (1745).
Customes of Moreau (1777). Mme. de Genlis， "Dictionaire des etiquettes，" the article parure.
[36]. "The difference between the tone and language of the court and the town was about as perceptible as that between Paris and the provinces. " (De Tilly， "Mémoires，" I. 153.)[37]. The following is an example of the compulsory inactivity of the nobles - a dinner of Queen Marie Leczinska at Fontainebleau： "Iwas introduced into a superb hall where I found about a dozen courtiers promenading about and a table set for as many persons， which was nevertheless prepared for but one person. . . . The queen sat own while the twelve courtiers took their positions in a semi-circle ten steps from the table； I stood alongside of them imitating their deferential silence. Her Majesty began to eat very fast， keeping her eyes fixed on the plate. Finding one of the dishes to her taste she returned to it， and then， running her eye around the circle， she said "Monsieur de Lowenthal？" - On hearing this name a fine-looking man advanced， bowing， and replied， "Madame？" - "I find that this ragout is fricassé chicken."-- "I believe it is' Madame." - On making this answer， in the gravest manner， the marshal， retiring backwards， resumed his position， while the queen finished her dinner， never uttering another word and going back to her room the same way as she came." (Memoirs of Casanova.)[38]. "Under Louis XVI， who arose at seven or eight o'clock， the lever took place at half-past eleven unless hunting or ceremonies required it earlier." There is the same ceremonial at eleven， again in the evening on retiring， and also during the day， when he changes his boots. (D'Hézecque， 161.)[39]. Warroquier， I. 94. Compare corresponding detail under Louis XVI in Saint-Simon XIII. 88.
[40]. "Marie Antoinette，" by d'Arneth and Geffroy， II. 217.