Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was a German－Prussian statesman of the late 19th century， and a dominant figure in world affairs。 As Prime Minister of Prussia from 1862–1890， he oversaw the unification of Germany。 In 1867 he became Chancellor of the North German Confederation。 He designed the German Empire in 1871， becoming its first Chancellor and dominating its affairs until he was removed by Wilhelm II in 1890。 His diplomacy of Realpolitik and powerful rule gained him the nickname the “Iron Chancellor”。
He used balance－of－power diplomacy to keep Europe peaceful in the 1870s and 1880s。 He created a new nation with a progressive social policy， a result that went beyond his initial goals as a practitioner of power politics in Prussia。 Bismarck， a devout Lutheran who was loyal to his king， promoted government through a strong， well－trained bureaucracy with a hereditary monarchy at the top。
Bismarck had recognized early in his political career that the opportunities for national unification would exist and he worked successfully to provide a Prussian structure to the nation as a whole。 However， his Reich of 1871 deliberately restricted democracy， and the anti－Catholic and anti－Socialist legislation that he introduced unsuccessfully in the 1870s and 1880s left a devastating legacy of distrust and fragmentation in German political culture。
奥托·冯·俾斯麦是德国近代史上一位举足轻重的人物。作为普鲁士德国容克资产阶级的最著名的政治家和外交家，他是“从上至下”统一德国的代表人物。
《大国崛起》是这样评价他的：总体来说，俾斯麦是一位非凡的人物，具有极为强烈的功名心，是一个重视行动，讲究现实，为达目的不择手段，意志坚强，富有感情，并且性情暴烈，干劲十足的人。他的军旅生涯并不成功，大学时光也都被花在酗酒和女人上，他的外交经历也没有为他赢得什么朋友，但他的确拥有那个时代很少有人拥有的才能：他具有估量对手的超凡能力，是一位第一流的政治家；他还有一个赌徒的直觉，知道何时下注，何时离桌。与大多数普鲁士保守主义者不同，他了解德国民族主义的暗潮涌动，并看到了普鲁士或者顺潮流而昌，或者逆潮流而亡的历史命运。
Key words ＆ Sentences
关键词句全知道
Bismarck ruled Germany by a strong hand。
俾斯麦用铁腕手段统治德国。
Greetings！ I am Bismarck and I speak for the clever German folk。
您好！我是俾斯麦，代表德国人民和你讲话。
I will send you later the inside story of the fighting with Bismarck。
我以后再告诉你关于同俾斯麦战斗的秘密情况。
The unification of Deutschland is closely related to Bismarck’s diplomatic policy。
俾斯麦的外交政策和德意志的统一有着密不可分的关系。
Helmut had already served longer than any German chancellor except Bismarck， and he was behind in the polls。
除了俾斯麦，赫尔穆特已经比德国任何一位总理任职时间都长，而且他在民意测验中落后。
Therefore， Bismarck’s foreign policy had played an important even decisive role to the unification of Germany。
因此，俾斯麦的外交策略对德意志的统一起了重要甚至是决定性的作用。
Bismarck once said that one of the features of French Ambassadors was they didn’t speak foreign languages at all。
俾斯麦曾说过，法国公使大使的特点，就是一句外国话不会讲。
When state pensions were introduced in 1889 by Otto von Bismarck， the German chancellor， life expectancy was 45。
当德意志宰相奥托·冯·俾斯麦在1889年引入国家退休金的时候，预期寿命是45岁。
Otto von Bismarck， the father of the Second Reich in continental Europe， would recognize the emerging Pacific system。
欧洲腹地第二普鲁士的开国之父奥托·冯·俾斯麦在世时，就曾赏识新兴的太平洋系统。
In the case Bismarck presented there were just two cigars left， one top quality Havana and the other of a much poorer type。
俾斯麦递给他的盒子只剩下两支雪茄，一支是上品的哈瓦那，另一支的品质则差得多。
Bismarck thought that Germany’s reunification is not empty talk， but rather to use iron and blood。
俾斯麦认为德意志的统一不是空谈，而是要用铁与血。
Otto von Bismarck pursued three successful wars。
奥托·冯·俾斯麦发动过三次成功的战争。
Dr。 Freud’s dream analysis of Bismarck is that the dream represents the left hand is wrong， suppressing prohibited， as well as evil things。
弗洛伊德博士在分析俾斯麦的梦象时认为，梦中的左手是代表着错，抑禁的，以及罪恶的事。
Bismarck was constantly criticized by the more liberal newspapers。
俾斯麦经常遭受更为自由的报纸的批评。
Otto von Bismarck， the Iron Chancellor， was once offended beyond endurance by a physician－turned－politician， Rudolf Virchow。
铁血首相俾斯麦有一次被弃医从政的鲁道夫·菲尔霍气得怒不可遏。
Bismarck was rather conservative in colonization。
俾斯麦对殖民地的态度比较保守。
Bismarck was a great man because he knew when to stop。
俾斯麦是个伟大的人，因为他知道什么时候停下来。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Mike： Do you want to go shopping·
麦克：你想去逛商场吗·
Daisy： I want but I have homework to do。
黛西：我想去，但是我还有作业要做。
Mike： What homework·
麦克：什么作业·
Daisy：I need to write a essay about Bismark。
黛西：我需要写一篇关于俾斯麦的文章。
Mike： Is he famous iron Chancellor·
麦克：他是著名的铁血宰相吗·
Daisy：Yes， he is。
黛西：是的。
Mike： Why is he called the Iron Chancellor·
麦克：为什么他被称作铁血宰相·
Daisy：Because he said Germany’s reunification was not empty talk， but rather to use iron and blood。
黛西：因为他说德国的统一不是空谈，必须用铁和血才行。
Mike： Wow， he is really strong。
麦克：哇，他很强势。
Daisy：You have to be tough to be political leaders。
黛西：政治领导都必须强势。
Mike： But war is not necessary。
麦克：但是战争也不是必需的。
Daisy：Sometimes it is。
黛西：有时候是必要的。
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福
作为美国历史上最伟大的总统，罗斯福面对的是20世纪最重要的两件大事——经济大萧条和第二次世界大战。由于处理这些重大问题，他成了万众瞩目的英雄。当然，也有成千上万的人讨厌他。然而反对他的人也不得不承认，罗斯福在美国历史上留下了不可磨灭的影响。
About Roosevelt
关于罗斯福
Franklin Delano Roosevelt also known by his initials， FDR， was the 32nd President of the United States （1933–1945） and a central figure in world events during the mid－20th century， leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war。 The only American president elected to more than two terms， he forged a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades。 FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932， at the depths of the Great Depression。 FDR’s combination of optimism and activism contributed to reviving the national spirit。 Working closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II， he died just as victory was in sight。