Most wine festivals are targeted at the wealthy and consist of hours of lectures， seminars and structured “blind tastings” whereby participants build skills at identifying wines by smell， coloration， and taste。
多数酒节是为有钱人举办的。酒节的内容包括几小时的讲座、讨论会及有组织的“品味猜酒”活动。通过这些活动，参加者用嗅味、看色、品尝等方法来掌握识别酒的技巧。
The three main categories which are to be examined during the wine tasting are appearance， its aroma， and the taste。 It is important that you need to look into the wine， smell it and then in turn taste。
品酒的三个主要审察方面是在品酒的外观，它的香气和口感。更重要的是，你需要观察葡萄酒的颜色，然后再品尝。
Brandy uses fruit as raw materials， through fermentation， distillation， and become distilled liquor because of storage aging。
白兰地是以水果为原料，经过发酵、蒸馏、贮藏陈酿而成的蒸馏酒。
The French cognac brandy enjoys the reputation of the world’s largest and highest Production 。
目前世界上产量最大、声誉最高的白兰地是法国科涅克。
The first step in the wine tasting is the visual appearance， it is important that you do use a long stemmed wine glass without any scenic patterns on it which distract its appearance。
第一步，品酒是外观，重要的是你要使用一个长脚玻璃酒杯并且不能改变品尝酒的外观。
The next step is to smell the wine， hold the glass near your nose and in turn register the smell。
第二步是葡萄酒的气味，举起玻璃杯凑近你的鼻子可以闻到气味。
The next is the best part of sipping the aromatic wine on to your mouth wherein it is important that you do not swallow the wine directly， but roll the wine directly on to mouth and in turn feel the various flavors which are present in the wine。 Thus the simple process of wine tasting gets over with the three steps of look， smell and sip。
第三步是最好的一部分，把葡萄酒的芳香带给你的嘴，其中重要的是，你不能直接吞下酒，用舌头卷住酒直接把它送进嘴里，然后再体味在葡萄酒中的各种味道。这样通过看、闻、品三步，就完成了品酒的简单过程。
Whiskies are very special and characteristic， with the eye－catching golden yellow color， the “woody” or “smoky” hint in it’s aroma， and the fruity sweetness and pleasant bitterness of its taste。
耀眼的金黄色，略带木质或烟熏的迷人香气，以及那果甜味和舒适的苦味使威士忌成为一种很特别、有个性的美酒。
Barley is the main essential ingredient in the creation of Malt Whisky。
大麦是制造麦芽威士忌的最主要的成分。
Vodka’s an alcoholic beverage that’s supposed to be relatively flavorless。
一直以来，人们认为伏特加是一种相对无味的酒精饮料。
Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast。 Yeast consumes the sugars in the grapes and converts them into alcohol。
葡萄酒通过各种各样的酵母发酵压榨的葡萄制成。酵母消耗葡萄里的糖分，同时转化为酒精。
Wines made from other fruits， such as apples and berries， are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced （for example， apple wine or berry wine） and are generically called fruit wine。
酒如果用其他水果制成，譬如苹果和浆果，就会以水果原料来命名，例如苹果酒和浆果酒，通常称为果酒。
France has various appellation systems based on the concept of terroir。 Wines from outside of the traditional wine growing regions of Europe tend to be classified by grape rather than by terroir or region of origin。
法国对葡萄酒的称谓系统是基于地域的，而欧洲以外的传统葡萄酒是以葡萄的不同来命名的。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Mary： I remember you said that you like China because it has cheap beers。
玛丽： 我记得你说过你喜欢中国因为它有便宜的啤酒。
Tom： Yes， unbelievably cheap。 Carlsberg is less than ＄1。
汤姆： 是的，难以置信地便宜。嘉士伯少于1美元。
Mary： Why do you drink？ I mean， where does drinking get you？
Mary： 你为什么要喝酒？我是指，喝酒能带给你什么？
Tom： It’s fashionable。
汤姆： 喝酒很时尚。
Mary： fashionable？
玛丽： 时尚？
Tom： There are a lot of pubs in America。 People go there to chat， to make friends and to relax。 I enjoy in drinking。 It’s like when you get off of work。 You’re so tired。 You need to get relaxed。 You can’t just turn on the TV and keep watch the programs until you fall asleep。 You need to make your after work time more fun。
汤姆： 在美国有很多酒吧。人们去酒吧聊天、交友、放松。我享受喝酒。就像你下班时，你觉得非常累，你需要放松。你不能只是打开电视机，然后一直看节目直到你睡着。你要把你的下班时间变得更有趣。
Mary： By drinking？ To relax？
玛丽：通过喝酒来放松吗？
Tom： Drinking is just part of it。 I mean， you have a bunch of friends coming by and having fun。 You drink and talk。 And the more you drink， the more you talk。 It makes me so relaxed。
汤姆： 喝酒只是一部分。我是指，你有一大群朋友过来玩。你们喝酒，聊天。你喝得越多，说得越多。这让我很轻松。
Mary： I see。 But if you were drunk， wouldn’t it influence your next day’s work？
玛丽： 我明白了。那样喝醉了不会对第二天的工作有影响吗？
Tom： No， I’m not an alcoholic。 I get drunk only on Fridays。
汤姆： 不，我不是个酒鬼，我只在周五的时候喝醉。
Mary： It is possible a good way to relax。
玛丽： 也许真是个放松的好方式。
Tom： Yeah， it is。 We can go to the pub together this Friday。
汤姆： 真是，我们可以周五一起去酒吧。
Coffee
咖啡
“咖啡”（Coffee）一词源自埃塞俄比亚的一个名叫卡法的小镇，在希腊语中“Kaweh”的意思是“力量与热情”。茶叶与咖啡、可可并称为世界三大饮料。咖啡树是属茜草科常绿小乔木，日常饮用的咖啡是用咖啡豆配合各种不同的烹煮器具制作出来的，而咖啡豆就是指咖啡树果实内之果仁，再用适当的烘焙方法烘焙而成。现在咖啡闻名于世，成为很多人每天的必备饮品，让我们一起来体验咖啡文化吧。
Realize Coffee Origin and Culture
了解咖啡的起源和文化
1咖啡的起源和咖啡文化
One popular story about the discovery of coffee long ago is about Kaldi， a keeper of goats Kaldi was taking care of his goats in the highlands of Ethiopia where coffee trees have grown for centuries。 He noticed that his goats became very excited and active after eating small fruits from a tree。
Kaldi reported this discovery to a group of religious workers。 When they made a drink out of the fruit， the religious workers realized they could stay awake for long hours of prayer。 This knowledge about coffee soon spread all over the world。
You might enjoy a cup of coffee at your local coffee shop。 But coffee is part of an international industry。 Research shows that as many as one－third of the people in the world drink coffee。 Some people drink coffee for its rich smell and taste。 Others like the awakening effect of caffeine， a chemical in coffee。 But not everyone may know the story of coffee and how it is produced。
Coffee trees are native to eastern Africa and areas of the Arabian Peninsula。 Coffee was first grown and traded in the fifteenth century。 Most coffee came from what is now Yemen。 Soon， coffee was in high demand all over the Middle East。 By the seventeenth century coffee had been introduced to Europe。 European traders started bringing coffee plants to other parts of the world。 The Dutch brought coffee to the islands of Indonesia。 And by the twentieth century， most of the world’s production came from Central and South America。 Today， Brazil is the largest producer of coffee in the world。