书城教材教辅中考英语词汇考点手册
2541400000004

第4章

dance away/off跳着舞走开

in danger处境危险;在危险中/out of danger脱离危险/in danger of有……的危险/run a danger冒险/create(a)danger制造危险/face(a)danger 面临危险/sense(a)danger意识到危险/avoid(a)danger避开危险/danger money危险工作津贴/danger signal危险信号/danger zone危险地带

danger表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“危险”,是不可数名词。

若表示“危险的原因”、“危险的人或物”、“威胁”、“危害”等具体意义,则为可数名词。例:In war,a soldier’s life is full of danger.战争中,士兵的生命充满了危险。

danger(危险)’ous(形容测后缀)危险的

be dangerous to对……有危险

danger危险/safe安全的/safety安全/in safety安全地/Unsafe不安全的/life生命/die死/dead死去的/death死亡/hang绞死,挂起/drown(使)淹死/kill杀死/murder谋杀/starve(使)饿死

dangerous是指给别人带来危险或产生危险的意思。如Jack is dangerous.杰克是个危险人物。

at(before,after)dark在天黑时(以前、以后)/in the dark在黑暗中/Dark Ages黑暗世纪/dark continent黑暗大陆/dark clouds黑云/dark forces黑恶势力/dark green深绿/dark horse不可预料之人或事/keep sb.in the dark将某人蒙在鼓里

black和dark都有“黑”之意。

black常指颜色黑;dark指由于缺乏光亮而使人无法看清或辨认眼前的事物。

在形容某物时,black的反义词是white,dark的反义词是bright。

date back to同溯到/date from注明口期发自;属于/始于某一时期/make a date(with)(与……)约会/out of date废弃的,过时的/up to date最近的,现代的,新式的/fix(set)a date定日期/break(cut)a date失约/keep a date守约/definite date确切日期/due date到期日期/closing(cutting—off)date截止日期

date back to或date from两者意义相同,均指“自某时起存在至今”(=have existed since),两者均不能用于被动语态。注:这类句子通常用一般现在时,而不用一般过去时,除非所谈论的对象现在已不复存在。例:The church,which dated back to the 13th century,was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.那座教堂是13世纪建成的,两年前在一次地震中毁了。

day after day日复一日地/all day(10ng)全天;整天/all day and all night整日整夜/day and night日日夜夜/every other day每隔一天/in the day(time)在白天/in those days在那些日子里/one day一天;总有一天/some day(将来)总有一天;改日/the day after tomorrow后天/the day before yesterday前天/the other day几天前/those days那些日子;那个时代/to this day直至今天/a rainy day可能碰到的困难日子;雨天/by day在白天/by the day按日计/day by day日日夜夜/(from)day to day一天天,每天/to a day恰好,刚好/by day H间;白天里/a nice day晴朗的一天/an eventful day多事之日/a memorable day难忘的日子/working day工作日/all the day一整天/in the day(time)在白天/these days现在如今;近日/day in day out日复一日(每天)/day off休息;不上班/day coach硬席车厢/day labourer打短工的人/day letter日间电报/day nursery…托儿所/day school日校/days of grace宽限期/day ticket当日票

Mother’s Day母亲节/National Day国庆节/opening day开幕日/packet day邮船到达或开往日/parting day黄昏/pay day发薪日/saIad days打春期/this day week上星期或下星期的今天/at the present day今天/in days to come将来/in these days日前,如今/between two days夜间/cap and feather days童年/early in the day及时,早为之计/have one’s day止交好运/make a day of it尽情事乐/late in the day错过机会,为时已晚/one’s day is gone黄金时代已过/wear through the day度日如年/3 days ago(1ater)三天前(后)/in 3 days三天内(后)/after 3 days三天以后

daybook流水簿/break黎明/daylight白天,日光/daylong整天的/dayman打散工或当日班的人/dayroom休息室,娱乐室/daystar启明星/daytime白天,日间/day—to—day曰常的.暂时的/day.tripper当天结束旅程的旅

chairday晚年/fullday全日/halfday半日/layday装卸日/midday中午/rest—day休息日

night is falling。

表示“天渐渐黑了”,不是The day is failing,应该是The(be)dead against直接反对;死命反对/(be)dead to对……无反应的

有些形容词加上定冠词可以指同种类型的人。dead属此类形容词,the dead指死去的人,作主语时,谓语用复数。

Christmas Eve is the night____

A.before December 24

C.of December 25

B.after December 25

D.of December 24

(2001年安徽省)

解析句意:圣诞前夕是1 2月24日晚。答案为D。本题考查西方的节日文化。圣诞节Christmas Day是12月25 日,圣诞前夕Christmas Eve自然是12月24目的夜晚。

de(表示加强意义)+cid(切,切断)决定,裁决

decide on sth.选定某物;决定用某物/decide for oneself独自做出决定/decide against决心不,决定反对/decide between在……中做选择;判断……的是非/decide for决定(做);判定……正确/decide forthwith立刻决定/decide(not)to do决定(不)做

①要表示决定做某事,decide通常接不定式,但不能接动名词,但是有时可接on doing sth.。例:He decided to go abroad.他决定出国。②decide on意为“对……做出决定”或“选定”,其中的介词不能省略,例:He decided on buying a computer.(He decided to buy a computer.)③表示“决定不做某事”可用decide not to do sth.或decide against doing sth.这两种句型。例:I have decided against going swimming.我已经决定不去游泳了。

be deep in全神贯注于……/deep into the night直达深仅/in the deep of night在深夜/deep sleep沉睡/deep sorrow深深的哀愁/deep understanding深刻的理解/deep influence深刻的影响/in deep water(s)(因无力偿还借款等)陷入困境

deep与表示具体深度的数量词连用时要放在数量词之后。

deep虽可用作名词,但没有“深度”之意,如果表示“深度”应该用“the depth of...”。How much is the depth of the oil well?这眼油井的深度是多少?

delicious本身就是“吃起来味道好”之意,故其后不必再加to eat。例:(x)The apple is delicious to eat.(0)the apple is delicious.这苹果吃起来味道不错。

①dialogue常译为“对话”,强调谈话者的对答。作此意讲时是可数名词,例:These are long dialogues between two comedians.这些是两个喜剧角色之间的冗长对话。另外,dialogue还可作不可数名词,表示“对话体、用对话体写成的作品”,例:Plays are written in dialogue.戏剧本用对话体写的。②conversation是可数名词,常译为“谈话、会话、交谈”,例:No conversation while I’m working,please.我工作时,请勿谈话。

dictionary of music音乐词典/English,Chinese dictionary英汉辞典/dictionary of English with Chinese translation英汉双解辞典/English dictionary英语辞典/dictionary of grammar语法词典/small—sized dictionary小型辞典/pocket dictionary袖珍辞典

Cover封面/page页,页码/leaf(书刊等的)页

die away(down)渐息,减弱,消火/die out灭绝

①die(死)是不及物动词,因此不能用于被动语态。例:(×)His ther was died in 1986.(√)His father died in 1 986.他父亲死于1986年。

②die是瞬间动词,不能与表示一段时间的完成时连用,不可说:He has died for nine years.而要说He died nine years ago.或It is nine years since he died.或He has been dead for nine years.be dying表示“将要死去”。

different kinds of各种各样的;不同类型的/in different ways用不同方法/different from与……不同

differently不同地/indifferent冷漠的/same相同的/like相似的

Mum,Bill is coming to dinner this evening.

OK.Let’s give him——to eat.

A.something different B.different anything

C.anything different D.different something

(2002年河北省)

解析句意:

妈妈,比尔今天晚上要来吃晚饭。 好的,让我们给他做一些特别的东西吃。答案为A。形容词做定语放在它所修饰的不定代词之后。

若比较对象是名词、代词或状语短语等,用different from(to,than)均可。但若是用来供比较的对象是一个没有引导词的句子,则通常只用different than,例:Schools are different than they used to be.学校与原来不一样了。若是一个以what引导的从句,则可以用from或to。比较:She is quite different to what we thought.=She is quite different from what we thought.她跟我们原来想像的不大一样。

be difficult to do难以做……/difficult of access难以接近的/be difficult of难于……

difficulty困难/difficultly困难/hard难的/easy容易的/troublesome麻烦的

at dinner在就餐/have dinner进餐;吃饭,/dinner party宴会/dinner table餐桌/make dinner做饭

①表示泛指恿义时,dinner前通常不可用冠词,如:have dinner(吃饭),at dinner(在吃饭时)等,但若dinner受到形容词的修饰,表示具有某种特征的饭时,则通常用不定冠词。例:We must have an early dinner so as to catch the train.我们必须早点吃饭,以便赶上火车。②“吃晚餐”可说:eat(have。take)dinner,正在吃饭是at dinner。

dusty满是灰尘的/smelly臭的/clean擦干净,把……弄干净/clear清除;收拾,使干净/neat整洁的,整齐的/tidy整齐的,整洁的

do one’s best to do sth.尽某人的最大努力做某事/do one’s homework(1essons)做作业,/do some cleaning大扫除/do some cooking做饭/do some shopping买东西/do some washing洗衣服/do sport运动;(体育)活动/d0 wrong做错事,做坏事/do a good deed做一件好事/do away with消除,废除/do sb.a favor给(某人)帮忙/do the deed付诸行动,生效/do up修缮;梳理;整理/do well成功;兴盛/do with利用;认为有用;处理;容忍/do without免除,不用/have sth.to d0 with和……有关系

“Don’t always make Michael this or that.He is already a big boy.dear.”

Mr Bush said to his wife.

A.do B.to do C.does D.did

解析句意:“不要老是让麦克做这做那,他已经是一个大孩子了。亲爱的。”布什先生对他的妻子说。答案为A。make让/使某人做某事用“make sb.do”,省略不定式符号to。

a meeting(开会)

lunch(吃午餐)

“有”的意思,变成否定句和疑问句时要用do这一助动词。

at the doctor’s住医务宅/see a doctor看病;看医生/send for a doctor派人去请医生

worker工人/farmer农民/policeman警官/physician内科医生/nurse护士/engineer工程师/architect建筑师/writer作家/public servant公务员/secretary秘书/manager经理/typist打字员/teacher教师/professor教授/lecturer讲师/spaceman宇航员/driver汽车驾驶员/sailor水手

lawyer律师/judge法官/scientist科学家/singer歌手/dancer舞蹈演员

composer作曲家/musician音乐家/conductor指挥/director导演/model模特/artist艺术家/painter画家/businessman商入/cook厨师

doctor是医生的总称,可简写成Dr.

Love me,love my dog.爱屋及乌/die a dog’s death悲惨地死去/put on(the)dog摆架子,耍威风

cent分/pound英镑/penny便士/shilling先令/franc法郎/yuan(人民币)元/jiao角/fen分/yen日元/mark马克/peso比索/krona克朗/dinar第纳尔/lire里拉

close the door关门/open the door开门/from door to door挨家挨户/out of doors住户外,露天/at death’s door生命乖危/next door补:隔壁/next door to

与……很近/show sb.the door 下逐客令,要人离去/with open(closed)doors公开地(秘密地)/within doors在户内,花膳内/front door正门/bang a door砰然父门

doorbell门铃/doormat门垫/doorway门口

①“墙上的门”是a door in the wall,不能用on,因为门镶在墙里。例:There is a small door in the eastern wall.东墙上有一扇小门。②door和gate都指门。door指屋门、房门、衣柜门、车门等有顶的门;gate指城墙或院子的大门或门口,任何有墙无顶的场地,如公园、校园、工厂、农场等的大门。

be down on对……发怒/down with打倒/copy down(write down)记下

down作副词时可用作表语,表示“下楼”、“落下”、“下降”等意义。

blouse女衬衫/skirt短裙/miniskirt迷你裙

①dress用作名词,有两种用法:一是用来指妇女穿的外衣(尤指连衣裙),也指小孩穿的衣服,但不能指男人穿的衣服,此时是可数名词;

另一用法是用来指人们(不管男女)穿衣服的方式,即平时说的“穿着”或“打扮”,此时是不可数名词。另外,用于某些特殊种类的衣服,也不可数,如:full dress正式服装、national dress民族服装、fancy dress化装服装等。例:(X)He doesn’t care much about dresses.(√)He doesn’t care much about dress.他不太注意衣着。②dress用作及物动词时,意思不是“穿(衣)”,而是“给(人)穿衣”,所以它的宾语只能是“人”,不能是“衣”。又如:“她穿着长袍”,说成英语可以是:She was dressed in a gown.或She dressed herself in a gown.但不能是:She dressed a gown.

make a drink一杯饮料/pour a drink倒一杯饮料/serve drink供应饮料/strong drink烈酒/weak drink淡酒/soft drink软饮料/have a(good)drink of(痛痛快快地)喝……/drink to...为……干杯/hot drink热饮/cold drink冷饮/iced drink冰冻饮料

wine红酒/beer啤酒/rice wine米酒/tea茶/black tea红茶/green tea绿茶/jasmine tea茉莉花茶/tea with milk奶茶/juice果汁/mineral water矿泉水/soda water苏打水/coffee咖啡

——What are Mr.and Mrs.Black doing?

They——tea in the garden.

A.are drinking B.drank C.have drunk

D.drink

(2003年北京市)

解析句意:布莱克先生和夫人正在做什么?——他们正在花园里喝茶。答案为A。本题考查动词的时态,由上句可知用现在进行时,B为过去时,C为现在完成时,D为一般现在时,故选A。

drink作及物动词时,其用法与汉语的“喝”类似,其宾语可以是水、牛奶、饮料等。但喝汤要用eat,而不用drink。

drive sb.out of把某人赶出某地/drive sb.mad使某人发狂;把某人逼疯/drive at意指/drive off驱散

drop in顺便拜访/drop across偶然遇见/drop asleep不知不觉入睡/drop back后退.后撇/drop behind落伍,落后/drop out离开,退出;弃权;掉落

Will you please——your shoes on the floor?

A.not to drop

B.not drop

C.don’t drop

D.not dropping

(2001年江苏南京市)

解析句意:

请你不要把鞋踩在地板上好吗?答案B。Will you please do。否定句用:Will you please not do...?

during是介词,后接时间名词或短语,因其不是连词,故不能跟时间状语从句。例:(×)He could swim during he was 5 years old.(√)He could swim when he was 5 years old.他5岁时就会游泳。