第6章 全真预测试题

全真预测试题(一)

Part Ⅰ

skimming and scanning

Directions：In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1—7，mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage；N(for NO) If the statement contradicts the information given in the passage；NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8—10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Carefully the young man typed an email plea on a computer at the University of Western Australia in Perth. “king Help to Save My Son. ” Yongxin Deng wrote， explaining that he was an internet newcomer searching for “d people all over the world” to offer any help or information.

The 31yearold father was 5， 500 miles from fils home in Urumqi， China， competing for a doctoral scholarship in soil science. Just seven days earlier， on October 11， 1997， his wife， Han Dan， had told him devastating news about their seemingly healthy threeyearold son， Shaohan， had a rare and very dangerous heart disease. His heart was malformed， with only one ventricle pumping chamber instead of two. This caused lifethreatening hypertension and damage to his lungs.

“re s no use giving him expensive treatment. ” The doctor had informed Han Dan during ShaoShao s examination. “ t look to him to provide your grandchildren.”

While the doctor considered ShaoShao doomed， Yongxin wrote passionately in another email， “son is beautifully alive， although with serious problems. And I love him even more after I learned the tragedy of his heart. ” He closed his message by asking people to pray for his family and to “e your family more. ”

Half a world away， in Pendleton， Ore.， Mary Anne Wehland was surfing the Internet when she happened upon Yongxin s message， posted On a Web page created by a Swedish human rights activist named Bo Sandberg. Mary Anne was riveted by the words “ious congenital heart disease. ” Her own 12yearold son， David， had already undergone three surgeries for a heart deformation.

“on t know what I can do，” Mary Anne emailed him. “ I promise to help in any way I can. ”

Mary Anne decided to try to find a hospital that would treat the child and to secure funding for the Deng s travel to America. She and Yongxin contacted the PDHeart List， an Internet sup port group for parents of children with congenital heart disease.

Then she posted a message on Sandberg s Web site in Sweden. Describing herself as a “n with a lot of kids and a computer， a modem and a phone line，” she threw out a chal lenge. “ world is too rich to let this kid die without a fight，” she declared.

In the next few days Yongxin s spirits alternated between hope and despair.As bad as he felt about his son s condition， he was staggered by the love of strangers whose only connection to him was a mailbox icon on a computer screen. Hundreds of messages soon arrived from around the globe. How can there be such good people in the world？ He wondered.

While Yongxin s spirits were buoyed by the compassionate responses， no one offered prac tical medical advice for his son. Meanwhile his wife， Han Dan， called with more bad news. ShaoShao s lips were turning blue when he cried—a sign his condition was worsening.

Trusting completely in his Internet “els，” as he had began calling them. Yongxin gave up his pending scholarship and flew back to China. On November 7 he met his wife and son in Beijing. They had gone there to obtain visas for travel to America. After calling hospitals throughout the United States， Mary Anne Wehland received tentative commitments from several pediatric cardiac surgeons to treat ShaoShao for free. But they required that he undergo a catheterization (导管插入).

Mary Anne contacted Dr. Juan Alejos， a pediatric cardiologist (心脏病专家) at the University of California， Los Angeles， Children s Hospital. “can t just abandon this child，” Mary Anne told him when she called.

Alejos understood. Every year he led a U. C. L. A. medical team to perform corrective sur gery en youngsters in Peru， and he had seen hundreds of socalled inoperable kids thrive. He made Mary Anne an offer： I ll be happy to examine the boy if his family can come to Los An geles. He would arrange for a catheterization at U. C. L. A. ， then advise on treatment based on the results.

In Beijing Yongxin sat in a noisy computer store， where he had opened an account， and typed out an email thanking Mary Anne for the good news from U. C. L. A. wedged beside him， ShaoShao laughed and sang， teasing his father by trying to tap. the keyboard when he wasn t looking. Describing ShaoShao as “ost like a normal kid，” Yongxin added， “elieve he is worthy of your kind help. ”

There still were immense financial obstacles to overcome， however. By midDecember Mary Anne had raised only a few hundred dollars. Drawing on family， friends and their own meager savings， Yongxin and Han Dan accumulated almost $ 2 000 enough for roundtrip tickets to Los Angeles. But they had no idea how they would pay for the catheterization.

Mary Anne wanted to gamble： bring the family to Los Angeles， then try to raise money for the catheterization. After a silent prayer she emailed the PDHeart List and asked for volunteers to act as hosts to the Deng family in Los Angeles.

In Los Angeles actress Brenda IsaacsBooth read Mary Anne s message and offered her services. The gesture was extraordinary： Her 20monthold son， Liam， had just emerged from two openedheart surgeries. But Brenda had seen ShaoShao s face on the Web page and knew that the little boy would die without help. “ t worry，” Brenda replied. “will raise the money.

Within days， Brenda s brother donated $ 5 000. Her stepfather put up $1 000， her halt brother， $ 500， Meanwhile a PDHeart List mother in Michigan sent a check for another $ 1 000， and smaller contributions came in from as far as Australia.

Finally， on January 30， 1998， Brenda watched a little Chinese boy emerge with his parents from the terminal at Los Angeles airport. As they came closer， she took a deep breath. “t little guy is so thin，” Brenda thought. “ope it isn t too late.”

Yongxin took her hand. “ could I ever thank you？” he asked.

“ could I not help you after what I ve seen through with my child？” Brenda said.

Yongxin called Mary Anne Wehland， and upon hearing the voice of the person who d exis ted only in emails for months， the hopeful father choked up with gratitude. Mary Anne knew the Deng family was now in Brenda s capable hands.

Five days later the catheterization was performed. “ afraid things look questionable，” said the doctor who did the procedure. He explained that the blood pressure in ShaoShao s lungs was much too high for the surgery the child needed.

Dr. Alejos put the Dengs in touch with U. C. L. A. s chief cardiac surgeon， Dr. Hillel Laks—the same man who had treated Brenda s son， Liam. Dr. Laks thought the risk of an operation was justified. His plan： place a Dacron band on ShaoShao s pulmonary artery (肺动脉) to restrict the flow of blood to his lungs. Once his pulmonary blood pressure was under control， ShaoShao might be a candidate for procedures to reroute the blood flow permanently.

“ comes the hard part，” Brenda noted. Less than $1 000 remained in ShaoShao s medical fund， but even with some reduced fees， his arterial banding and subsequent surgeries would cost more than $100 000.

Brenda contacted the Los Angeles Times. The article it published sparked immediate interest in ShaoShao. The next morning NBC s “ay” show ran a segment on the toddler.

Watching the program in his Los Angeles home， Fredric D. Rosen， CEO of Ticket master and a father of two， was moved by Yongxin s struggle and wrote a check for $25 000 to pay for ShaoShao s treatment. He persuaded his friend Los Angeles mayor Richard Riordan to match the contribution. Then Dr. Laks received a phone call from an anonymous donor in New York who， with other wellwishers from all over the world， kicked ShaoShao s fund to more than $110 000.

The Dengs were overwhelmed by the news. “ can we thank people whose names we ll never know？” Yongxin asked in awe.

On April 14， 1998， ShaoShao was taken into surgery. For the Dengs the long day was ruled by uncertainty. Finally， after several hours， Dr. Laks appeared. “oShao is tolerating the banding very well，” he said.

Once more Yongxin shed some tears. But now he and Han Dan cried with unbridled joy. Six weeks later ShaoShao and Liam played in the back yard of Brenda s home. ShaoShao had gained weight and his energy had been restored. As he pedaled a bright plastic tricycle behind Liam， his mother turned to Brenda.

1.ShaoShao was found to have a rare and very dangerous heart disease in a hospital in Western Australia in Perth.

2.Mary Anne Wehland got the email from Yongxin Deng， and knew the devastating message.

3.On November， Yongxin gave up his pending scholarship and flew back to China， met his wife and son in Beijing for they wanted to find some experts there ， who can gave them some advices.

4.Mary Anne Wehland received tentative commitments from several pediatric cardiac surgeons to treat ShaoShao for free. But they had to pay for the catheterization.

5.The family had immense financial obstacle， they just accumulated almost $ 2 000—enough for single trip tickets to Los Angeles.

6.Liam， who once had two openheart surgeries， also had a catheterization in his treatment.

7.CEO of Ticketmaster， Fredric D. Rosen， and his friend Los Angeles mayor Richard Riordan made some contribution to ShaoShao s treatment.

8.Yongxin called those people who would like to help them on the net—the Internet“”.

9.When Yongxin met Mary Anne Wehland， the person who d existed only in emails for months， he choked up with.

10.For the Dengs，was a long day ruled by uncertainty ， because ShaoShao was taken into surgery.Part Ⅱ

Cloze

Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

One summer day in the Middle Ages， a strange man in multicolored (彩色的) clothing1into the German town of Hamelin. Learning that the town was 2 with rats， the stranger offered to 3of the rodents—for a 4 When the burghers gratefully a greed， the stranger whipped out a flute and played a mysterious tune that proved an 5rat lure. Rats swarmed out of every house in Hamelin and followed the Pied Piper to the banks of the Weser River. Then they followed him into the swirling waters and were 6.

When the burghers refused to pay the piper， he devised a plan of revenge. Once again putting his pipe to his lips， he played yet another air—one that seduced not rodents but 7 Parents watched 8 as the Pied Piper， playing merrily， led all of Hamelin s youngsters out of the town， after which they were never seen again.

Although opinions vary on the exact 9of the piper s revenge， the German government holds with June 26， 1284. The town of Hamelin stages Pied Piper plays every Sunday from June to September. Children form the bulk of the cast， but as 130 was the alleged number who went with the piper on that10 day in 1284， the cast of today s productions is ritually limited to 130.

A) fee B) children C) willingly

D) fateful E) date F) boys

G) name H) drowned I) kill

J) filled K) dispose L) infested

M) strode N) helplessly O) irresistible

Part Ⅲ

Short Answer Questions

Directions：In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).

Young men and women are finding it more and more necessary to protest against what is known as the “ablishment”：that is people who wield power in our society.Clashes with the authorities are reported almost daily in the press. The tension that exists between old and young could certainly be lessened if some of the most obvious causes were removed. In particular， the Establishment should adopt different attitudes to work and the rewards it brings.Today s young people are ambitious. Many are equipped with a good education and are understandably impatient to succeed as quickly as possible. They want to be able to have their share of the good things in life while they are still young enough to enjoy them. The Establishment， however， has traditionally believed that people should be rewarded according to their age and experience. Ability counts for less. As the Establishment controls the purse-strings (财源)， its views are inevitably imposed on society. Employers pay the smallest sum consistent with keeping you in a job. You join the rank and take your place in the queue. If you are young， you go to the very end of the queue and stay there no matter how brilliant you are. What you know is much less important than whom you know and how old you are. If you are able， your abilities will be acknowledged and rewarded in due course， that is， after twenty or thirty years have passed. By that time you will be considered old enough to join the Establishment and you will be expected to adopt its ideals. God help you if you don t.

There seems to be a gigantic conspiracy (阴谋) against young people. While on the one hand society provides them with better educational facilities， on the other it does its best to exclude them from the jobs that really matter. There are exceptions， of course. Some young people do manage to break through the barrier despite the restrictions， but the great majorities have to wait patiently for years before they can really give full freedom to their abilities. This means that， in most fields， the views of young people are never heard because there is no one to represent them. All important decisions about how society is to be run are made by people who are too old to remember what it was like to be young.

Resentment is the cause of a great deal of bitterness. The young resent the old because they feel deprived of the good things life has to offer. The old resent the young because they are afraid of losing what they have. A man of fifty or so might say， "Why should a young devil straight out of school earn more than I do？" But if the young devil is more able， more determined， harderworking than his middleaged critic， why shouldn t he？ Employers should recognize ability and reward it justly. This would remove one of the biggest causes of friction between young and old and ultimately it would lead to a better society.

Questions

S1.“ablishment”refers to.

S2.The Establishment traditionally believes that people should be rewarded according to .

S3.In most fields，the views of young people are never heard because.

S4.What is the author s suggestion to remove one of the biggest causes of friction between young and old？

S5.The author is on the side of.

Part Ⅳ

Reading Comprehension

Passage one

Then comes July， and with it examinations； but these are soon finished and with them ends the school year. Boys and girls have nearly two months holiday before them as they leave school by train and car to return home to their fathers and mothers.

The summer holidays are the best part of the year for most children. The weather is usually good， so that one can spend most of one s time playing in the garden or， if one lives in the country， out in the woods and fields. Even if one lives in a big town， one can usually go to a park to play.

The best place for a summer holiday， however， is the seaside. Some children are lucky enough to live near the sea， but for the others who do not， a week or two at one of the big seaside towns is something which they will talk about for the whole of the following year.

In England， it is not only the rich who can take their children to the seaside； if a factory worker or a bus driver， a street cleaner or a waiter wants to take his wife and children to Southend or Margate， Blackpool or Clacton， he is usually quite able to do so.

Now， what is it that children like so much about the seaside？ I think it is the sand， sea and sun more than any other things. Of course， there are lots of new things to see， nice things to eat， and exciting things to do，but it is the feeling of sand under one s feet， of salt water on one s skin， and of the warm sun on one s back that make the seaside what it is.

1.Summer holidays start.

A.with July

B.as soon as the examinations are over

C.in midJune

D.in August

2.After the examination， all pupils leave for home.

A.by train only B.by air

C.by bike D.by either train or car

3.The summer holiday lasts.

A.as long as two months

B.more than two months

C.one and a half months

D.a little less than 2 months

4.July and August are the brightest months for most children， for they can.

A.stay with their parents for all the vacation

B.do more reading

C.play outofdoors

D.meet their old friends

5.Children like the seaside so much， because they can.

A.swim in the sea B.play with the sand

C.take a sun bath D.do all of the above

Passage Two

The prisoner had waited many months for help， but none had come. Now he felt he would do anything to gain his liberty， to be free again to go about the world as he wished. But he could think of no meansof escape. He spent many hours thinking of his life before he was captured， regretting the mistake he had made and dreaming of the joys he had known. And over and over he said to himself that he was being punished for no reason. He was guilty of no crime， but had not been given a chance to explain the events which made it appear that he was guilty.

Then one night the guard who sat just outside the prisoner s door fell asleep. When he noticed this， the prisoner was struck by a feeling of hope. Perhaps he could steal the keys while the guard was dozing.

Silently the prisoner moved toward the guard. Very gently he lifted the ring of keys from the guard s belt. Then he turned and moved quietly toward the door. Could he work the lock from the inside？ The key turned and the door swung open. Within two minutes he had crossed the yard and climbed the wall. Then he fled across the fields， free at. last， a smile of joy beginning to spread across his face.

6.The prisoner had a wish.

A.to be excused

B.to go away freely

C.to be a free man in the prison

D.to be set at liberty from the prison

7.After many months， the prisoner thought that.

A.no one would believe he was guilty

B.he could never be free again

C.nothing could help him become free again

D.nothing could stop him from trying to escape

8.He was sorry for.

A.what he had done illegally

B.the mistake he had made

C.thinking of no means of escape

D.having none to come to help him

9.He thought he .

A.was not a murderer

B.had explained his events very clearly

C.had done nothing wrong

D.must be free before long

10.When he stole the keys and came to the door， the prisoner was not sure whether he could.

A.open the door B.climb the wall

B.flee across the fields D.all of the above

Passage Three

Public goods are those commodities from whose enjoyment nobody can be effectively excluded.Everybody is free to enjoy the benefits of these commodities， and one person s utilization does not reduce the possibilities of anybody else s enjoying the same good.

Examples of public goods are not as rare as one might expect. A flood control dam is a public good.Once the dam is built， all persons living in the area will benefit—irrespective of their own contribution to the construction cost of the dam. The same holds true for highway signs or aids to navigation. Once a lighthouse is built， no ship of any nationality can be effectively excluded from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes. National defense is another example. Even a person who voted against military expenditures or did not pay any taxes will benefit from the protection afforded.

It is no easy task to determine the social costs and social benefits associated with a public good.There is no practicable way of charging drivers for looking at highway signs， sailors for watching a lighthouse， and citizens for the Security provided to them through national defense. Because the market does not provide the necessary signals， economic analysis has to be substituted for the impersonal judgment of the marketplace.

11.With what topic is the passage mainly concerned？

A.Mechanisms for safe navigation.

B.The economic structure of the marketplace.

C.A specific group of commodities.

D.The advantages of lowering taxes.

12.Which of the following would not be an example of a public good as described in the passage？

A.A taxicab， B.A bridge.

C.A fire truck， D.A stoplight.

13.In Para.2 the word “ds” could best be replaced by which of the following？

A.has. B.is.

C.grasps， D.carries.

14.According to the passage， finding out the social costs of a public good is a .

A.difficult procedure

B.daily administrative duty

C.matter of personal judgment

D.citizen s responsibility

15.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first two paragraphs？

A.Suggestions for the application of an economic concept are offered.

B.Several generalizations are presented from which various conclusions are drawn.

C.Persuasive language is used to argue against a popular idea.

D.A general concept is defined and then examples are given.

Passage Four

Weaving， the most magnificent art which truly distinguishes mankind from the animal， is the oldest of the great crafts. It appears at the very dawn of history， and all progress of civilization is exemplified by it.

Man， born without a weapon but with the finest tool， the hand， soon learned to make baskets and fences by plaiting flexible rods of canes， and mats by crossing reeds and grasses. Clever individuals must have found that by twisting these together they obtained a longer and more resilient fibre. This is the origin of spinning and weaving.

Nature provides four main fibres： cotton and flax， wool and silk.

Cotton， from the Arabic (qutun)， is the most important vegetable fibre of civilization. It has been cultivated from time immemorial and many varieties have been developed from the original wildgrowing plant.

Flax is another natural fibre. It is coarser but stronger than cotton. Man learned， a long time ago， to make it into cords to fasten their ships， domestic animals and other things.

Wool， the most beautiful of textile fibres， has one great drawback： its attraction for destructive animal pests. For this reason it is difficult to delineate the evolution of woolen textiles. Its diathermic qualities and low specific weight made it a preferred medium from earliest times in warm climates such as the Near East.

Silk is the finest of these natural fibres. It is produced by the small silkworm. Fabrics made of silk are light， soft， bright and very smooth to the touch. Being produced bit by bit from the mouth of the small silkworm， it is never made so wide use of as cotton.

16.Man began to know weaving.

A.by learning from the animal

B.with the progress of civilization

C.at the beginning of history

D.one morning long long time ago

17.“， born without a weapon” means that.

A.he had not a gun when he was born

B.he had not a knife when he was born

C.he has nothing to protect himself

D.he has no sharp teeth and claws

18.The main vegetable fibres are.

A.cotton and flax B.wool and silk

C.cotton and wool D.silk and cotton

19.The present cotton is.

A.a wildgrowing plant

B.from Arabic “un”

C.cultivated from a wild plant

D.a relative of flax

20.It can be inferred that.

A.there are other natural fibres

B.there are few other natural fibres

C.there are no other natural fibres

D.there are more animal fibres than there are vegetable ones

答案与解析

Part Ⅰ

1.N由首段首句Carefully the young man typed an email plea on a computer at the University of Western Australia in Perth.和第二段首句...5，500 miles from his home in Urumqi，China，competing for a doctoral scholarship in soil science.可知是Yongxin Deng远离家乡，在澳大利亚求学，其家人在国内。第11段的Yongxin gave up his pending scholarship and flew back to China.也暗示出这一点。

2.N由第5段首句Mary Anne Wehland was surfing the Internet when she happened upon Yongxin s message，posted on a Web page created by a Swedish human rights activist named Bo Sandberg.可知她是浏览某个网页时碰巧看到这个消息的，并不如题干所说是Yongxin用邮件通知的。

3.N由第11段中间On November 7 he met his wife and son in Beijing.They had gone there to obtain visas for travel to America.可知他们去北京是为了拿到去美国的签证，而不是去找专家。

4.Y由第12段Mary Anne Wehland received tentative commitments from several pediatric cardiac surgeons to treat ShaoShao for free.But they required that he undergo a catheterization.及后文为catheterization筹钱可知题干内容正确。

5.N由第16段Han Dan accumulated almost $2 000—enough for roundtrip tickets to Los Angeles.可知这些钱够“”。

6.N文章中提到Liam有心脏方面的疾病，做过两次openheart外科手术，至于有没有做过导管插入，文中未提。

7.Y由第28段...Fredric D.Rosen，CEO of Ticket master and a father of two，was moved by Yongxin s struggle and wrote a check for $25 000 to pay for ShaoShao s treatment.He persuaded his friend Los Angeles mayor Richard Riordan to match the contribution.可知题干为此句的总结性表达。

8.angels由第11段首句Trusting completely in his Internet “els，”as he had began calling them.可知他把这些网上的热心人称为网络天使。

9.gratitude

由第23段中Yongxin called Mary Anne Wehland，and upon hearing the voice of the person who d existed only in emails for months，the hopeful father choked up with gratitude.可得答案。

10.April 14

由倒数第3段首句On April 14，1998，ShaoShao was taken into surgery.For the Dengs the long day was ruled by uncertainty.可知题干为此句的变换表达。

Passage Ⅱ

1.选A需要选择动词原形。A)，C)，I)皆可。根据文意为“金”。故A)。

2.选D此处应填形容词。D)，E)，K)，L)皆可。根据前文he didn t want to “anything rash”，知应为其反义词，故D)。

3.选H此处应填动词过去式。B)，H)，J)皆可。根据前文和后面claim his prize a mere 12 days before the ticket s expiry date知H)。

4.选M此处应填名词。由waited知指空格处应填人，故M)。

5.选B根据文义，问“不去领的原因是彩票一定……”，B)最符合。

6.选K此处应填指事物的形容词。K)，L)皆可。女发言人不明白为何中彩者迟迟不去领彩金，见到他后才明白他为人谨慎，故K)。

7.选F此处应填名词。F)，G)，I)，M)皆可。“安排好一切之前不把这事告诉任何人对他最……”，in one s interest指“人的利益”，故F)。

8.选N此处应填副词。N)，O)皆可。与人有关，故选N)。

9.选O此处应填副词。N)，O)皆可。根据后面的时间，故选O)。

10.选I此处应填动词原形和travel并列。A)，C)，I)皆可。share sth.with sb.指“分享某物”，故I)。

Passage Ⅲ

S1.首段首句the “ablishment”后面冒号引导出答案that is people who wield power in our sociely。

S2.问：“认为应该据何奖励人？”首段第八句The Establishment，however，has traditionally believed that people should be rewarded according to their age and experience.故答案为their age and experience。

S3.问：“数领域，年轻人的意见从来就难以听到，原因何在？”第二段第四句THis means that，in most fields，the views of young people are never heard because there is no one to represent them.所以答案就是there is no one to represent them。

S4.问：“除造成年轻人和年长者之间的憎恨，作者有何建议？”原文末句This would remove one of the biggest causes of friction between young and old的表达，很明显this应是答案所在。this回指前一句Employers should recognize ability and reward it justly，那么该句即为答案。

S5.问：“在哪一边？”作者显然站在年轻人一边。所以答案为The young。

Passage Ⅳ

1—5BDDCD6—10DDBCA

11—15CABAD16—20CDACA全真预测试题(二)

Part Ⅰ

Skimming and Scanning

Directions：In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1—7，mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage；N(for NO) If the statement contradicts the information given in the passage；NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8—10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Thomas Hardy was born near Dorchester，in that area of southwest England that he was to make the “sex” of his novels. He attended local schools until the age of fifteen， when he was apprenticed to a Dorchester architect with whom he worked for six years. In 1861 he went to London to continue his studies and to practice as an architect. Meanwhile he was completing his general education informally through his own erratic reading and was becoming more and more interested in both fiction and poetry. After some early attempts at writing both short stories and poems， he decided to concentrate on fiction. His first novel was rejected by the publishers in 1868 on the recommendation of George Meredith， who nevertheless advised Hardy to write another. The result was Desperate Remedies， published anonymously in 1871， followed the next year by his first real success (also published anonymously )， Under the Greenwood Tree. Hardy s career as a novelist was now well launched； he gave up his architectural work and produced a series of novels that ended with Jude the Obscure. The hostile reception of this novel sent him back to poetry. His remarkable epicdrama of the Napoleonic Wars， The Dynasts， came out in three parts between 1903 and 1908； after this he wrote mostly lyric poetry.

Hardy s novels， set in a predominantly rural “sex，” show the forces of nature outside and inside individuals combining to shape human destiny. Against a background of immemorial agricultural labor， with ancient monuments such as Stonehenge or an old Roman amphitheater reminding us of the human past， he presents characters at the mercy of their own passions or finding temporary salvation in the ageold rhythms of rural work or rural recreation. Men and women in Hardy s fiction are not masters of their fates； they are at the mercy of the indifferent forces that manipulate their behavior and their relations with others， but they can achieve dignity through endurance and heroism through simple strength of character. The characteristic Victorian novelist—e，g.， Dickens and Thackeray—was concerned with the behavior and problems of people in a given social milieu， which were described in detail； Hardy preferred to go directly for the elemental in human behavior with a minimum of contemporary social detail. Most of Hardy s novels are tragic， although Under the Greenwood Tree has an idyllic character possessed by no other of his novels. But even here the happy ending is achieved only by ending the story with the marriage of the hero and heroine and refusing to go further； the texture of the narrative， for all its moments of gaiety and charm， has already suggested the bitter ironies of which life is capable. His later work explores those ironies with sometimes an almost malevolent staging of coincidence to emphasize the disparity between human desire and ambition on the one hand and what fate has in store for the characters on the other. But fate is not a wholly external force. Men and women are driven by the demands of their own nature as much as by anything from outside them. Tess of the D Urbervilles (1891) is the story of an intelligent and sensitive girl， daughter of a poor family， driven to murder and so to death by hanging， by a concatenation (串联) of events and circumstances so bitterly ironic that many readers find it the darkest {ot Hardy snoveis}， while others would award that distinction to Jude the Obscure， the disturbingly powerful account of an ambitious rustic trapped between his intellect and his sensuality and as a result delivered to destruction.

Hardy himself denied that he was a pessimist， calling himself a “iorist，” i. e. ， one who believes that the world may be made better by human effort. But there is little sign of meliorism in either his most important novels or his lyric poetry. In his poems—which alone are represented here because no extract could do justice to Hardy s power as a novelist—many of his characteristic attitudes and ideas and many of his favorite situations can be found. A number of his poems are verse anecdotes illustrating the perversity of fate， the disastrous of ironic coincidence. But his best poems go beyond his mood to present with quiet gravity and a carefully controlled elegiac feeling some aspect of human sorrow or loss or frustration or regret， always projected through a particular， fully realized situation. Hap shows Hardy in the characteristic mood of complaining about the irony of human destiny in a universe ruled by chance， but a poem such as The Walk (one of a group of poems written after the death of his first wife in 1912) gives， with remarkable power， concrete embodiment to a sense of loss. That power—we see it also in A Broken Appointment and She Hears the Storm—is achieved through a kind of verbal as well as an emotional integrity. Hardy s poetry， like his prose， often has a selftaught air about it； both can be odd or pretentious or awkward or clumsy. But at their best both his poetry and his prose have an air of persuasive authenticity. The association of a given emotion with particular visual memories in Neutral Tones， for example， is impressive because it carries such extraordinary conviction， and it carries that conviction because the rhythms and rhymes are handled so as to suggest the kind of utterance actually wrung from the poet (consider， e. g. ， the curious dead fall of “y had fallen from an ash， and were gray”). At the same time， Hardy will use an antique or a poetic word or phrase ( “reby，” “ing” ) if it fits in with the movement of the poem and keeps him from having to stop and search for something more deft： the result is an effect not of artificiality but of spontaneity. Hardy s use of ballad rhythms often helps to give an elemental quality to his poetry， suggesting that this incident or situation， carefully particularized though it is， never the less stands for some profound and recurring themes in human experience.

The sadness in Hardy—his inability to believe in the government of the world by a benevolent God， his sense of the waste and frustration involved in human life， his insistent irony when faced with moral or metaphysical questions—is part of the late Victorian mood. We can see something like it in A. E. Housman， and there is an earlier version of Victorian pessimism in Edward FitzGerald s Rubaiya of Omar Khayyam， published when Hardy was nineteen. What has been termed “ disappearance of God” affected him more deeply than many of his contemporaries， because until he was twentyfive he seriously considered entering the church. Yet his characteristic themes and attitudes cannot be related simply to the reaction to new scientific and philosophical ideas (Darwin s theory of evolution， for example) that we see in so many forms in latenineteenthcentury literature. The favorite poetic mood of both Tennyson and Arnold was also an elegiac one， but this is not Hardy s mood. The sadsweet cadences of Victorian selfpity are not to be found in Hardy s poetry， which is sterner， as though braced by a long look at the worst. It is this sternnesssometimes amounting to ruggedness—together with his verbal and emotional integrity， his refusal ever to surrender to mere poetic fashion， his quietly searching individual accent， that has helped to bring about the steady rise in Hardy s poetic reputation， so that today he is regarded not only as a distinguished novelist but also as a great English poet.

1.Hardy went to Cambridge to continue his studies and to practice as an architect in 1861.

2. Hardy s career as a novelist was well launched by his first real success Under the Greenwood Tree.

3.The hostile reception of Hardy s novel Desperate Remedies from the public sent him back to poetry.

4.In Hardy s fictions， men and women are masters of their own fates.

5.As a great novelist， most of Hardy s novels are tragicomic (悲喜剧).

6.Hardy s novel， Tess of the D Urbervilles， tells the story of an intelligent and sensitive girl who is driven to murder and so to death by hanging.

7.Hardy s best poems are verse anecdotes illustrating the perversity of fate， the disastrous or ironic coincidence.

8.After some early attempts at writing both short stories and poems， Hardy decided to concentrate on.

9.Hardy called himself a “i. e. ， one who believes that the world may be made better by human effort.

10.Hardy s inability to believe in the government of the world by a benevolent God—the sadness in his works—is a part of the late mood.

Part Ⅱ

Cloze

Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Palm reading， or palmistry (手相)， is the ancient art of studying the lines on the palm of the hand to describe a person s character and 1 future events in a person s life.

To 2a person s character and future， a palm reader looks carefully at the three main lines on the “ive hand” (the one a person writes with). The 3usually looks first at a person s Life Line. This 4 under the index finger， and goes down toward the wrist. This line describes the way a person lives his or her life. A person with a deep Life Line is energetic and 5 If a person has a faint line， he or she is more of a thinker than a 6.

The Heart Line runs across the hand， just 7 the fingers. This line describes one s emotions or 8A person with a deep heart line is peacemaker. Family is9to this person. Those with a faint line do not like to be alone. They are often controlled by their emotions.

The Head Line is below the Heart Line. It describes how a person 10 A person with a long Head Line thinks about things very carefully. Those with a short Head Line are very decisive. A person with a deep Head Line is clever and talkative. Those with a faint Head Line are often messy， but very creative.

A) below B) competitive C) reader

D) above E) important F) meaningless

G) doer H) foretell I) study

J) feelings K) actions L) ends

M) look N) thinks O) beginsPart Ⅲ

Short Answer Questions

Directions：In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).

If you are invited to an American friend s home for dinner， keep in mind these general rules for polite behavior. First of all， arrive approximately on time (but not early). Americans expect promptness. It is OK to be 10 or 15 minutes late， but not 45 minutes late. Dinner might be overcooked and ruined by then. When you are invited to someone s home for a meal， it is polite to“ng a small gift. Flowers or candy are always appropriate. If you h ave an attractive item made in your native country， your host and/or hostess would certainly enjoy receiving that as a gift.

Some Americans don t know about the dietary restrictions of various ethnic and religious a fuss about it. If your host doesn t say anything about what you are eating， then you shouldn t， either. Simply eat what you can and hope that no one notices what you left. If you are questioned， you may have to admit that you don t eat meat (or whatever)， but you can also say that you have enjoyed the other foods and have had “e than enough” to eat. Don t make the cook feel obliged to prepare something else for you. Be sure to compliment the cook on the food that you enjoyed.

Don t leave immediately after dinner， but don t overstay your welcome， either. When your friends seem to be getting tired and running out of conversation， take their behavior as a cue to leave. The next day， call or write a thankyou note to say how much you enjoyed the evening.

If you invite someone to join you for dinner in a restaurant， phone the restaurant first to find out if you need a reservation in order to avoid a long wait for a table. To make a reservation， just give your name， the number of people in your group， and the time you plan to arrive. When you invite someone to dinner， you should be prepared to pay the bill and reach for it when it arrives. However， if your companion insists on paying his or her share， don t get into an argument about it. Some people prefer to pay their own way so that they don t feel indebted， and those feelings should， be respected. In most American restaurants， the waiter or waitress tip is not added to the bill. If the service was adequate， it is customary to leave a tip equal to about 15% of bill. In expensive restaurants， leave a bit more.

Questions

S1.In what kind of a book is it most possible to find such a passage？

S2.When invited to an American family for dinner，the first rule of polite behavior to keep in mind is.

S3.The author uses the expression of “t and/or hostess”to avoid the impression of .

S4.When served a food that you do not like in an American family，the proper thing for you to do is.

S5.What is the proper amount of tip in an expensive American restaurant？

Part Ⅳ

Passage One

Reading Comprehension

When water is heated until it boils， bubbl es of gas appear and rise through the hot liquid.When an electric current passes through water in a process called electrolysis， bubbles of gas appear and rise through the liquid.Superficially， the two events appear the sane.

If the gas from the boiling water is examined， its properties are found to be the same as those of the water. Thus if the steam is cooled to room temperature， a liquid is formed which is indistinguishable from the original water. When， however， the gas from the electrolysis equipment is cooled to room temperature， it remains a gas rather than becoming a liquid.Nor will it， at zero degrees centigrade or below， turn to solid， as will the gas from boiling water. These two processes， boiling and electrolysis， have dearly resulted in products with quite different properties.

In boiling， the gas does not represent a new substance， but only a different state of the original substance. Electrolysis， on the other hand， has generated a product which is a new substance， or possibly a mixture of new substances. A change in state as represented by going from a liquid to a gas without the production of new substances is called a “sical change”， however， when a process takes place that produces new substances， this is called a “mical change” or a “mical reaction.” In a chemical reaction， the initial substances are replaced by a new set of substances or products.

1.Which of the following is the best title for this passage？

A.Electrolysis.

B.Physical and Chemical Changes.

C.Different Types of Water.

D.Water Temperatures.

2.It can be inferred from the passage that is necessary for electrolysis？

A.an oxygen tank

B.a refrigerator

C.a source of electricity

D.a strong water current

3.According to the passage， electrolysis and the boiling of water look the same because they both.

A.take place at the same temperature

B.generate chemical reactions

C.result in new substances

D.produce a gas from water

4.At a temperature slightly above zero degrees centigrade， which of the following is true of the gas produced by electrolysis？

A.It does not become liquid.

B.It cannot be distinguished from water.

C.It becomes a solid.

D.It expands greatly.

5.At a temperature below zero degrees centigrade， the gas formed from boiling water becomes a.

A.denser gas B.liquid

C.solid D.solid first and then a liquid

Passage Two

Do you sometimes argue about what seems to you to be a simple fact？ Do you argue about whether it s cold outdoors or whether the car in front of you is going faster than the speed limit？

If you get into such arguments， try to think about the six blind men and the elephant in the Sultan s court.

The Sultan was fond of puzzles， so he had six blind men brought in and allowed them to feel his prize elephant. “t manner of beast is this creature？” asked the Sultan.

“ultan，” said the first blind man， who had felt the elephant s trunk， “is like a snake.”

“reat One，” said the second man， who had felt the elephant s side， “is like a living wall.”

“earned One，” said the third， who had gripped a tusk， “seems to be as hard as ivory.”

The fourth man， who had hold of the tail， thought that the animal was soft like a brush； while the fifth， who had put his hand near the mouth， thought it was like a big fish. The sixth man， who had got hold of an ear， felt that the beast was like a soft carpet.

Each man s idea of the animal came from his own experience.

So if someone disagrees with you about a “ple fact”， it s often because his experience in the matter is different from yours.

To see how hard it is for even one person to make up his mind about a “ple fact，” try this simple experiment. Get three large bowls. Put ice water in one. Put hot water in the second.Put lukewarm water in the third.Now put your left hand in the ice water. Put your right hand in the hot water. After thirty seconds， put both hands in the lukewarm water. Your right hand will tell you the water is cold.Your left hand will tell you it s hot！

6.Questions are suggested at the beginning of this passage to.

A.arouse the reader s interest

B.stimulate us to argue

C.introduce the topic

D.sum up the whole passage

7.The six blind men said what they did because they.

A.wanted to please the Sultan

B.wanted to argue with each other

C.had never heard of an elephant

D.went by what they felt with their hands

8.If you do the experiment with the bowls of water， you will find that.

A.water can have two temperatures at the same time

B.your hands are “ng” to you

C.the water will feel lukewarm

D.your hands will be as cold or hot as the water

9.In deciding about "simple facts"， it would seem to be smart to.

A.go by what you think is right

B.go by what someone else says

C.think about how your experience might mislead you

D.never decide anything because you will always be wrong

10.This passage is mainly about.

A.the experiment performed by the Sultan with six blind men and the elephant

B.the test of three bowls of water

C.how senses fool our observations

D.how experience influences our judgements

Passage Three

For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their main enemy is the sea.A large part of the country is below sea level. In fact， Holland is also called the “herlands”， which means “ lands”. Very tall and strong walls， called dykes， have been built to keep out the sea.But in very rough weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke. Great damages can be caused by floods when this happens.

Three large rivers are also part of the problem. They flow through Holland into the North Sea.They have cut many passages across the country. At low tide， the rivers flow into the sea as usual. But at high tide the sea can flow into the rivers] This is because the land is so low.

The battles against water never end， but they have made Holland a bigger and better.country. In order to prevent floods， the engineers take or reclaim， land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for seven hundred years.

Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between two islands. Two dykes are built across the passage， so they block the water between them. Then the engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide， the canals empty the water into the sea.

Because the land is so low， water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground.For this reason， the pumps continue working even when the land has been drained (that is， when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates， and through these the water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland， pumps must be working all the time. If they stopped， there would be very bad floods.

A piece of reclaimed land is called a polder， and Holland has thousands of polders. There are farms on many of the polders. Corn and other crops grow well on the drained land， and it gives good grass for cattle. Many small towns and villages stand on polders.

11.Holland s main problem is that .

A.it is short of water

B.its land is below sea level

C.it is short of fresh water

D.it has too many rivers

12.Dykes are built.

A.to prevent flooding

B.to keep out strong waves

C.to keep out enemies

D.to lower sea level

13.Which of the following sentences expresses the main idea of paragraph 2？

A.Three large rivers are also part of the problem.

B.They flow through Holland into the North Sea.

C.They have cut many passages across the country.

D.At low tide， the river flow into the sea.

14.In many parts of Holland， pumps keep on working all the time because.

A.the land can never be drained

B.the land is very low

C.the dykes were poorly designed and built

D.the Dutch have wasteful habits

15.A polder is a piece of low land，.

A.covered by water

B.into which water is pumped at low tide

C.where water often rises to flood level

D.formerly covered by water， which has been drained and made fit for use

Passage Four

John Andrews had had to wear glasses ever since he was a small boy， so， shortly before the time when he was to leave school， his parents suggested that he might train to be an optician， so that he could help other people with their eyes.

John did not have any strong feelings about what he wanted to do， so he agreed and started a course of training with the intention of becoming an optician. He found the work interesting and did not have any trouble in qualifying at the end of the course. The next problem was to find a steady job.

He looked at the advertisements in suitable journals， applied for a number of the situations offered， and at last managed to get one in the town where he lived， so one Monday morning he set off by bus for his new work.

The owner of the optician s shop where he had been accepted had another assistant and a secretary.

The first time that John tested a customer s eyes， the owner of the shop watched carefully to make sure that he knew what to do， and he was very satisfied with everything that John did， except that John did not know anything about prices.

“ll discuss that &amp； lunchtime，” he said to John quietly.

At lunchtime， when they closed for an hour， the owner of the shop said to John， “， we d better have a chat with reference to our charges for glasses， so that you know what to say to customers.”In this shop we expect everyone to pay a fair price for what he or she gets， so when you have tested someone s eyes， and they have chosen the kind of lenses and frames they would like to have， and they want to know how much they will cost， you should say， for example， “”.

While you are saying this， you should watch the customer s face carefully， and if he or she does not seem frightened by this price， you should add， “t s the price of the frame. The lenses cost ￡54 more”.

“the customer still does not look as if he or she is worried，” you should add， “ each lens”.

16.Why did John s parents think it suitable for him to train to be an optician？

A.John liked to wear glasses.

B.John wore glasses himself.

C.John was good at making glasses.

D.John wanted to help other people with their eyes.

17.What did the owner want to discuss at lunchtime？

A.John s work. B.John s wages.

C.Law of charges for glasses. D.Prices.

18.How much did the owner expect the customer to pay for what he or she got？

A.A fair price.

B.An average price.

C.A price as low as possible.

D.As high a price as he could get out of the customer.

19.Why did the owner tell John to watch the customer s face？

A.To see if he or she was frightened by the price.

B.To see if he or she was satisfied with the glasses.

C.To see if the frame fitted.

D.To see if he or she looked smart with the glasses.

20.How much would a customer have to pay for the whole thing if he or she seemed frightened？

A.￡54. B.￡108

C.￡162 D.less than ￡54

答案与解析

Part Ⅰ

1.N由第1段第3句In 1861 he went to London可知，题目将London偷换成了Cambridge。

2.Y由第1段倒数第4句followed the next year by his first real success Under the Greenwood Tree及倒数第3句Hardy s career as a novelist was now well launched可知本题正确。

3.N由第1段倒数第2句the hostile reception of this novel sent hm back to poetry，“s”承接上一句指代1896年的“e the Obscure”(《无名的裘德》)。

4.N由第2段第3句Men and women in Hardy s fiction are not masters of their fates可知本题错误。

5.N由第2段第5句Most of Hardy s novels are tragic可知题目将tragic偷换成了tragicomic。

6.Y由第2段最后1句前半部分Tess of the D Urbervilles (1891) is the story of an intelligent and sensitive girl，driven to murder and so to death by hanging.可知本题正确。

7.N由第3段第5句But his best poems go beyond this mood，this mood承接上文指the perversity of fate，可知本题错误。

8.fiction

由第1段第5句After some early attempts at writing both short stories and poems，he decided to concentrate on fiction.可知答案。

9.meliorist

由倒数第2段第1句Hardy himself denied that he was a pessimist，calling himself a “iorist，”i.e.，one who believes that the world may be made better by human effort.可得答案。

10.Victorian

由最后1段第1句The sadness in Hardy—his inability to believe in the government of the world by a benevolent God，...—is part of the late Victorian mood.可知答案。

Part Ⅱ

1.选H此处应填动词原形和describe并列。H)，I)，M)皆可。由future event知H)最符合。

2.选I此处应填动词原形。H)，I)，M)皆可。look为不及物动词，不适宜。人的性格不需预言，故I)。

3.选C此处应填指人的名词。C)，G)皆可。由前文a palm reader知C)。

4.选O此处应填和下文goes并列的动词。L)，N)，O)皆可。指物，排除N)。后文有and goes down toward the wrist，故O)。

5.选B此处应填形容词。B)，E)，F)皆可。此处需与energetic意思最近，故B)。

6.选G此处应填名词，与thinker为反义，故G)。

7.选A此处应填介词。A)，D)皆可。手纹在手掌上，在手指下方，故A)。

8.选J此处应填与emotions相近的名词，故J)。

9.选E此处应填形容词。E)，F)皆可。根据文义，手相中heart line深的人喜欢和平相处，家庭对这种人很重要，故E)。

10.选N此处应填动词。由a person知为第三人称，L)，N)，O)皆可。下句A person with a long Head Line thinks about things very carefully表明此处应填N)。

Part Ⅲ

S1.问：“章很可能源于何种书？”此问题的答案需总结得出。从文章内容讲到做客和请人吃饭时应该如何表现看出，它是关于社交礼仪的，所以答案为A book about social etiquette。

S2.问：“请到美国家庭做客，应该牢记的第一条礼仪是什么？”文章第二句First of all，arrive approximately on time(but not early)。

S3.问：“何用‘男主人和/或女主人’措辞？”很显然是为了避免给人性别歧视印象。答案为Xexual discrimination。

S4.问：“家庭用餐，当端上的是你不喜欢的食物时，你最好怎么做？”第二段第二句Don t make a fuss about it.If your host doesn t say anything about what you are eating，then y6ou shouldn t，either.Simply eat what you can and hope that no one notices what you left.即“惊小怪。如果主人未对你正用的食物说什么，你也不要发表任何见解。只是吃你能吃的，希望没人注意到你剩下的。”答案为simply eat what you can即可，换言之就是to eat what you like。两者皆可。

S5.问：“饭店小费给多少合适？”文章最后两句If the service was adequate，it is customary to leave a tip equal to about 15% of bill.In expensive restaurants，leave a bit more.故A bit more than 15% of the bill。

Part Ⅳ

1—5BCDAC6—10ADBCD

11—15BAABD16—20BDDAA全真预测试题(三)

Part Ⅰ

skimming and scanning

Directions：In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1—7，mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage；N(for NO) If the statement contradicts the information given in the passage；NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8—10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

The murder， in November 1980 in New York， of key former Beatles John Lennon appeared to put an end to the fantasy that one day there might be a Beatles reunion.The band had split up bitterly in 1970 and its members had spent the following 10 years pursuing their individual careers. A major rift (分歧) between the group s principal songwriters， John Lennon and Paul McCartney， remained unresolved.

Now， a reunion of sorts had happened： the surviving Beatles trio (三重唱) of Paul McCartney， George Harrison and Ringo Starr got together during 1995 and created a new Beatles number. They were able to do this thanks to modern technology， which meant they could mix their voices with 1977 home recordings of John experimenting with a song idea.

The song s release before Christmas， 1995， coincided with a flood of Beatles nostalgia (怀旧)， including a multi-episode television retrospective—the first time Paul， George and Ringo had formally got together to reminisce (回忆) since 1970. Also released was the first in a three part collected series of double compact disc sets. The payout from the television specials and record sales was expected to give each Beatles around US $120 million.

It was the Beatles who first defined and then redefined the sound and look of pop music in the 1960s before splitting up at the birth of the 70s. Remarkably， their influence on the shape of pop music has barely diminished in the decades since they bowed out of (隐退) a lead creative role. The step back into the spotlight makes it seem， in some strange way， as if they had never really been away. Except that now， instead of looking like the fathers of modern pop bands， they look a little more like the grandfathers. Paul， George and Ringo are in their 50s and they look like it. This is something that is still regarded as a minor crime in the youth—obsessed world of western pop music.

The Beatles story is， in many ways， the defining story of modern western pop music. There had been other hugely popular figures in popular music—Frank Sinatra in the 1940s and Elvis Presley in the 1950s—but neither had the creative impact on the shape and sound of pop music of the Beatles.

Before the Beatles， singers and groups depended on other songwriters for their music. But the Beatles sang， played and wrote their songs. They were a totally contained unit. And if they were outstanding and original when they first emerged， they got better and better. They had aninfluence outside their music. Apart from millions of records they sold and the hundreds of millions of dollars they generated， the Beatles changed everything from hair styles to clothes to senses of humour. They even temporarily moved the center of the pop music world from America to England.

A solidly working class phenomenon， the Beatles came from the northern port city of Liverpool， each member growing up in the tough postSecond World War years. Drawn tog ether by their mutual love of black American pop music， Lennon and McCartney formed a group with likeminded friends including Harrison and， initially， drummer Pete Best and bassist Sutcliffe. They sang and played copies of their heroes songs.

One of the American groups they admired， the Crickets， even provided the inspiration for the name “tles”， which was settled on in 1960. They worked on their performance skills during stays in Germany， particularly in the rough clubs of Munich and Hamburg. On their return to Liverpool the band built a growing following， especially among the young women of the city. It was when a fan enquired at a local record store about a song the Beatles had recorded while Jn Germany that store owner and future band manager Brian Epstein became interested. A middleclass conservative young Englishman， Epstein brought a powerful natural skill to the management of the band and eventually secured a recording contract for them with the giant EMI Records.

When Ringo Starr joined the group as drummer， replacing Pete Best ( Sutcliffe had stayed behind in Germany)， the Beatles as we remember them today were formed. It was at EMI that they were matched up with the other key figure in what would be their dizzying rise tofame. This was record producer George Martin， an older man with a classical music background. He immediately related to the band.

Instead of forcing them—as was the way in those days into record songs by other writers， George Martin allowed the Beatles to record their own music. And it was “e Me Do”， a song written by John and Paul， that first took the Beatles flying into the British record sales charts in early 1963.

Their sound was fresh. The old pop music scene was stale. Elvis Presley was losing his grip on the world s charts and there was something exciting and instantly memorable about this Beatles song.

It was the first wave in what would become a flood as the hit records kept coming—“ant To Hold Your Hand”， “ Loves You”， “m Me To You” —all of them exciting and original. The Beatles didn t look like anyone else either. With their distinctive long hair， tight matching suits and their bright personalities they were an instant novelty. A very talented novelty.

What had been a healthy following for the band turned into national hysteria in Britain. Hit followed hit and soon other bands stepped into the limelight across Britain， modeling their looks and sound on the trend setting (创新的) Beatles. But nobody could catch the Beatles， who then set about conquering America， something they did with almost terrifying ease.

They swiftly charmed the Americans. Their records had quickly won over the influential pop radio stations there. And when they appeared playing on national television programmes in America in the early 1960s， they set new records for viewing audiences.

The Beatles performed brilliantly in television interviews—and television crazy America had a lot of time for these loveable bright young Englishmen， who came across as four distinct characters. Paul was the sweet， polite one who appealed to the fans mothers， John was the clever， funny one， George the "quite one" and Ringo， with his big nose and puppy-dog eyes， the love able clown.

Their subsequent singles and albums topped the sales charts in Britain， America and virtually all of the recordcrazy West. This was a situation that didn t change for several years， sparking what was in essence a teenage revolution. Suddenly， and ever since， the tastes， attitudes and buying power of young people assumed a major social significance.

1.The disagreement between John Lennon and Paul McCartney made the Beatles unable to reunite.

2.Even modern technology couldn t make up for the absence of John Lennon so the Beatles had never been able to get together again.

3.The Beatles stimulated modern western pop music as much as Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley.

4.It was the Beatles influence that made England as the center of pop music world transitorily.

5.When George Martin， a record producer， turned up， the Beatles as a pop music band were formed.

6.The Beatles conquered not only the western world such as England， Germany and America but also the eastern world.

7.Even when Elvis Presley was on the peak of his singing career， the Beatles managed to divert people s attention to themselves.

8.The song s release before Christmas， 1995， coincided with a flood of， including a multiepisode television retrospective.

9.The song “written by John and Paul， that first took the Beatles flying into the British record sales charts in early 1963.

10.The Beatles swiftly charmed. Their records had quickly won over the influential pop radio stations there.

Part Ⅱ

Cloze

Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The United States court system， as part of the federal system of government， is characterized 1dual hierarchies： There are both state and federal courts， Each state has its own system of courts， composed of civil and criminal trial courts， sometimes intermediate courts of appeal， and state supreme court. The federal court system 2of a series of trial courts(called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state)， a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region， and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are，3 some extent overlapping，4that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in 5 of the Constitution) maybe initiated in either system. They are also hierarchical， for the federal system stands above the state system so that litigants (persons engaged in lawsuits) who 6 their cases in the state supreme court may 7 their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Thus， the typical court case begins in a trial court—a court of general jurisdiction—in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further8 the trial court： for example， the criminal 9 is convicted (by atrial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court and the case ends；the personal injury suit 10 in the judgment by a trial court (or an outofcourt settlement by the parties while the courts is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there.In these cases， the “er” at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.

A) defendant B ) violation C) in

D) lose E) to F) by

G) results H) appeal I) than

J) accordance K) consists L) plaintiff (原告)

M) lies N) tell O) of

Part Ⅲ

Short Answer Questions

Directions：In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).

In Britain， the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. ( miles per hour) in towns and 4 m. p. h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m. p. h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20m. p.h. By 1930， however， the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions wered one away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they likes. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m. p. h. speed limit in builtup areas，a long with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.

Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain. Offences for speeding fall into three classes： exceeding the limit on a restricted road， exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving， and exceeding the 70 m. p. h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart， or more.

The main controversy (争论) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value.T he Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents， It claims that when the 30 m. p. h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise， when the 40 m. p. h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties， there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡) in the year after the 70 m.p.h， motorway limit was imposed in 1966.

In America， however， it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limites should be done away with completely， or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits made advisory， as is done in parts of the USA.

Questions

S1.During which period could British motorists drive without speed limits？

S2.What measures were adopted in 1953 in addition to the speeding restrictions？

S3.Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he.

S4.What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding lawa？

S5.What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents？

Part Ⅳ

Reading Comprehension

Passage One

One evening， long after most people had gone to bed， a friend and I were making our way merrily home through the silent and almost deserted street. We had been to a musical， and were talking about the people we had seen and heard in it.

“t show made him a star overnight，” said my friend about one of them. “was completely unknown before. And now thousands of teenagers send him chocolates and loveletters by every post.”

“hought him quite good.” I said， “ not worth thousands of loveletters daily. As a matter of fact， one of his songs gave me a pain.”

“t was that？” my friend asked. “g it to me.”

I burst into a parody of the song.

“quiet， for heaven s sake.” My friend had given me a astonished look. “ ll give everybody a fright and wake people up from miles around. Besides， they ll think you are drunk， and me too， probably. And then we ll have a policeman after us.”

“er mind，” I said， intoxicated (陶醉的) more with the sound of my own voice than with the few drinks we had had. “on t care. What does it matter？” And I went on singing him the latest tune at the top of my voice.

Presently there came behind us the sound of a heavy tread， and before you could say “k Robinson” a policeman was standing in front of me， his notebook open， a determined look on his face.

“use me， sir，” he said. “ have a remarkable voice. If I may say so.Who taught you singing？ I d very much like to find someone who can give my daughter singing lessons. Would you be kind enough to tell me your name and address？ Then my wife or I would drop you a line and we could discuss the matter.”

1.One evening on their way home the writer and his friend were talking about.

A.a play

B.a jazz concert

C.a dinner party

D.one of the songs they heard

2.His friend thought the show had madea star overnight.

A.the manager of the musical

B.one of the singers

C.the conductor

D.a dancer

3.In the writer s opinion， the singer.

A.was the best one

B.sang wonderfully

C.sang awfully

D.didn t sing so well as people thought he did

4.His friend warned his parody would.

A.cause much interest

B.make people angry

C.cause trouble

D.attract a.lot of listeners

5.Why did the policeman stop the writer？

A.To fame him for the noise he had made.

B.To get the writer s name and address so that he can write to the writer.

C.To warn him not to sing so loud.

D.None of above.

Passage Two

First aid (急救) is the care given to the injured or sick as soon as possible after an accident or illness. It is this immediate care and attention before the arrival of the ambulance that sometimes means the difference between life and death， or a full or partial recovery.

First aid has limitations， as not everybody is a doctor or expert， but it is a key element of the total medical system.

The principle to be adopted in first aid is immediate action. Bystanders or relatives not knowing what to do， or being too fearful to try， have unwisely contributed to unnecessary deaths and worse injuries.

It is important that any action taken by the first aid provider is started as quickly as possible. Quick action is necessary to save life and parts of the body. One who is not breathing effectively， or is bleeding heavily， requires immediate help. If quick effective first aid is provided， then they have a much better chance of a good recovery.

But it should be remembered that any action taken is to be most careful， and fright by the first aid provider and bystanders will not be good to the whole thing. Try to remain calm and think your actions through. A calm and controlled first aider will give everyone confidence that the event is being handled efficiently and effectively.

6.The writer seems to suggest that if you don t know much about first aid， you should.

A.call for help from professionals

B.still try to help

C.stand by and not try to help

D.learn it from a doctor

7.According to the passage， some injured or sick people died as a result of.

A.other people s hesitation to offer first aid

B.unprofessional first aid

C.unnecessary first aid

D.unwise suggestions by bystanders

8.Which of the following TRUE according to the passage？

A.One should not apply first aid to the injured without knowing the cause of the accident.

B.It is easy to carry out first aid if one has the necessary facilities.

C.First aid is an important part of the whole treatment.

D.First aid may not be effective before a doctor or expert comes.

9.The most important thing in providing first aid is to.

A.call for an ambulance

B.prevent bleeding

C.know what to do

D.act quickly

10.While offering first aid， the helper should.

A.be selfcontrolled

B.have others to assist him

C.have confidence in the sick person

D.get rid of the bystanders

Passage Three

In the earliest stage of man s development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter， made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized， however， he began to want better shelter， more efficient tools and weapons， and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighbourhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths， leather workers or carpenters who were springing up everywhere. It was then that the question of payment arose.

At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market， exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather， or iron， but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.

Thus the difficulties of exchange led to the invention of money. In some countries， easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmer， instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain， gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food， he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later， pieces of metal， beating values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces， or coins were used. Money as we know it had arrived.

11.Why were early men content with their simple life？

A.They did not have to use money.

B.They were able to make their own tools.

C.They could provide food and clothing and simple shelter for themselves.

D.They had enough natural materials around them.

12.As men became more civilized they.

A.all learnt to make by themselves the things they needed

B.had to travel a lot to look for what they wanted

C.wanted better things than those they themselves could provide

D.no longer provided food and clothing for themselves

13.Exchange of goods became difficult because.

A.there was not a marketplace for farmers and smiths to exchange their goods

B.farmers were unwilling to provide smiths with grain and meat

C.more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came to the market

D.skilled workers did not work hard enough to produce good tools and weapons

14.Before people used metal coins they used.

A.shells or seeds because they could be easily handled

B.camels even though they were large

C.flat stones even though they were large

D.all of the above

15.Money was not used until.

A.paper was invented

B.people practised a simple process of exchange

C.nothing could be offered in exchange

D.the exchange of one thine for another became too complicated

Passage Four

Someone said to a man， “vel and see the world.” He answered， “ should I？ People are the same everywhere. They are born. They are babies. They are children. They are adults. They grow old. They die. They have the same feelings. They feel love and hate， happiness and sadness， security and fear， pride and shame. That is why I do not want to travel. I can learn everything here. I m going to stay home.”

The man was right. He was also wrong. People are same， but people are also different. They all have the same pattern of life—birth， youth， old age， death. But these stages of life have different values in different cultures. Also， while all people have the same feelings， the causes of these feelings are different. A situation that may bring happiness in one place may not bring happiness in another place.

For example， in many countries old age is a happy time. Young people in these countries show respect to the old people. In Korea， old people are honored and respected. When they are too old to live alone， they live with a son， daughter， or other relatives. When they become sixtyone years old， it is a very happy and important event. There is a big party with many guests. They receive many gifts. When people reach this time in life， the attitudes of their family and their community change toward them. Everyone looks forward to this time.

In the United States， it is quite different for old people. Most old people do not live with their children or relatives. For many North Americans， old age is not a happy time. Most North Americans want to stay young. They try to act like young people as long as possible. They even try to speak the language of the young. They do not like to grow old because they will not get honor or respect or attention. Also， businesses do not want old people to work for them. So， old people usually live alone and they do not have many things to do. Old age can be a sad and lonely time for them.

16.The reason why the man did not have the intention of traveling was that.

A.he thought he already knew about people in other places

B.he was too old to travel any more

C.he could not understand people in other countries since he was deaf

D.he preferred to stay home to enjoy his leisure time

17.Which of the following statements is NOT true？

A.People all over the world are the same， but they are also different.

B.Different values are reflected in different stages of life in different culture.

C.People react differently to the same situation.

D.The reasons for the same feelings are also the same in different cultures.

18.In Korea， people.

A.think being young is the same as being old

B.are afraid of old age

C.are longing for old age

D.value their youth most

19.Compared with American old people， the old in Korea.

A.enjoy living alone and supporting themselves

B.can lead an honored and respected life

C.can act like the young

D.are not respected and do not receive due attention

20.The word “inesses” in Paragraph 4 means.

A.managers B.consumers

C.shops or factories D.busy people

Passage Five

For some minutes， all was quiet in the street. Then， from across the street，someone came walking. It looked like a man of middle height， dressed in a big raincoat， a soft hat and rubbersoled boots or shoes， and making little sound while walking； at most a soft， sliding sound. No one was in sight. It was a street with two rows of about fifty small houses， and there were three lamps on either side. The lamp nearest the child s house could be seen clearly， but the others were almost hidden by the smoke air. A car passed the end of the street and its lights showed faintly， but clearly enough to show the smooth skin of a woman s face. The car disappeared as the woman， wrapped up in her coat， reached the doorway of the child s house.

She put a key in the lock quickly， pushed the door open and stepped inside， then closed the door without looking round. She began to breathe hard.

She leaned against the door for a moment， then straightened up as if with an effort， and walked towards the door of the front room， the passage leading to the kitchen， and the narrow staircase. She hesitated outside the door， then went up stairs， quickly but with hardly a sound. There was enough light from the narrow hall to show the four doors leading off a small landing. She pushed each door open in turn and shone a torch inside， and the light fell upon beds， walls， furniture， a bathroom handbasin， a mirror which flashed brightness back； but this was not what the woman was looking for. She turned away and went downstairs， and hesitated again at the foot of the stairs， then turned towards the kitchen. Clearly there was nothing there， or in the small washroom， that she wanted. Two rooms remained； the front room and a smaller one next to it. She opened the front room door. After a moment， she saw the child s bed and the child.

21.The light of the car passing the end of the street showed that.

A.a woman was driving the car

B.someone was standing by a street lamp

C.a man and a woman were walking up the street

D.a woman was walking by herself up the street

22.When the woman had closed the front door， she.

A.looked round quickly

B.started breathing again

C.rested before moving

D.walked straight towards the front room

23.The woman went up stairs.

A.in complete silence

B.after hesitating for a moment

C.after looking inside the kitchen

D.as quickly as she could

24.When she was upstairs， the woman .

A.saw that there was a washbasin in each room

B.noticed a mirror which she was looking for

C.found a torch inside one of the rooms

D.opened four different doors

25.Once she was in the house， the woman behaved as if what she was looking for.

A.might be in the kitchen

B.was more likely to be upstairs

C.would be easily seen by the light from the hall

D.would look frightening to a child

答案与解析

Part Ⅰ

1.Y第1段The band had split up bitterly...A major rift(分歧) between the group s principal songwriters，John Lennon and Paul McCartney，remained unresolved.John与Paul的分歧未解决，乐队无法重新组合，故正确。

2.Y第2段a reunion of sorts had happened...They were able to do this thanks to modern technology，which meant they could mix their voices with 1977 home recordings of John experimenting with a song idea说明现代科技只是把他们的声音和John的1977唱片混合在一起，而of sorts是“得上”的意思，所以并没有真正地在一起，故正确。

3.N由第5段The Beatles story is...the defining story of modern western pop music...Frank Sinatra in the 1940s and Elvis Presley in the 1950s—but neither had the creative impact on the shape and sound of pop music of the Beatles.可知，Frank和Elvis对西方流行乐坛的影响都没超过Beatles，故错。

4.Y第6段They even temporarily moved the center of the pop music world from America to England.其中transitorily与temporarily同义，故正确。

5.N第10段When Ringo Starr joined the group as drummer...the Beatles as we remember them today were formed.是Ringo作为鼓手加入乐队时Beatles组成了，故错。

6.N第6、第8、第14段分别提到Beatles征服英格兰、德国和美国等西方世界，没有提及东方国家。

7.N第12段Elvis Presley was losing his grip on the world s charts and there was something exciting and instantly memorable about this Beatles song.其中lose one s grip是“控”的意思，当时Elvis在乐坛不能再吸引听众注意力了，故错。

8.Beatles nostalgia

由第3段The song s release before Christmas，1995，confided with a flood of Beatles nostalgia，including a multiepisode television retrospective可得答案。

9.Love Me Do

由第11段it was “e Me Do”，a song written by John and Paul，that first took the Beatles flying into the British record sales charts in early 1963.可得答案。

10.the Americans

由倒数第3段They swiftly charmed the Americans.Their records had quickly won over the influential pop radio stations there可得答案。

Part Ⅱ

1.选F这里应填介词。C)，E)，F)，O)皆符合。再从原文意思理解，这句话显然想说明的是“为特征”，那么经常和characterize连用并表示此意的就是by。故F)。

2.选K这里应填动词。由于此篇文章是说明文，所以时态为一般现在时，所以只有G)，K)，F)符合要求，原句意思是“庭的……组成”，可以选出consists of意为“组成”，故K)。

3.选E这里应填介词。这里是一个固定词组搭配，to some extent意为“程度上”。故E)。

4.选C这里应填介词。根据上下文，这句话前半部分讲的是“司法系统，从某种程度上来说，有些重合”，后半部分显然就是讲原因，而恰好in that的意思就是“。故C)。

5.选B这里应填名词。这里缺的词出现在括号中，说明是对括号外的某词进行说明解释的，而那个词就是disputes“的意思。再看括号里面，与宪法有关，显然就是冒犯了宪法，与宪法的某些条款形成了冲突，所以从选项上看，只能选violation，并且in violation of就是“冒犯”之意。

6.7.选分别D)，H这两题是紧密相连的。此句想说明的是美国法庭系统的等级性。因此当一个当事人在一个级虽不高的法庭输了的话，他就可以向比这个法庭级别更高一级的法庭进行上诉。因此进行上诉的只会是输了的人，即选lose，而不是win，而“就是appeal to。故分别选D)，H)。

8.选I此句想说明的是“案件都在一审法庭就结束了，没有上诉的情况”，而no further than就是“……，到……截止”之意。故I)。

9.选A这里应填名词。根据上下文的意思，被判刑的应该是犯罪的被告，所以用排除法即可选出defendant(被告)，而不应是F)plaintiff(原告)。故A)。

10.选G这里应填动词。显然这里缺少了谓语动词，而从上下句的意思来看，“害案件的结果在于一审的判决。”而results in就是“结果是……”之意。

Part Ⅲ

S1.问：“车司机在什么时期开车没有速度限制？”首段第四和第五句By 1930，however，the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether.For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they likes.故答案为1930—1934(or—1935)或from 1930 to 1934。

S2.问：“速外，在1935年还采取了什么措施？”首段末句Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h.speed limit in builtup areas，along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.可得答案The introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossings。

S3.问：“速？”(当时，司机违反的驾驶规定是超速。)文中没有具体给出答案，由第二段第二句可知speeding分三种情况，但它们的核心可总结为exceeds the speed limits，它也就是答案。

S4.问：“局在超速问题上持何看法？”由第三段第二句The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents.即“通部认为限制车速使交通事故减少。”故Speed limits reduce accidents.为答案。

S5.问：“认为交通事故减少是什么原因造成的？”由末段首句In America，however，it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density.可知是因为交通密度的增加。答案就是The increase in traffic density.