Most men,even in this comparatively free country,through mere ignorance and mistake,are so occupied with the factitious cares and superfluously coarse labors of life that its finer fruits cannot be plucked by them.Their fingers,from excessive toil,are too clumsy and tremble too much for that.Actually,the laboring man has not leisure for a true integrity day by day;he cannot afford to sustain the manliest relations to men;his labor would be depreciated in the market.He has no time to be anything but a machine.How can he remember well his ignorance-which his growth requires-who has so often to use his knowledge?We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes,and recruit him with our cordials,before we judge of him.The finest qualities of our nature,like the bloom on fruits,can be preserved only by the most delicate handling.Yet we do not treat ourselves nor one another thus tenderly.
Some of you,we all know,are poor,find it hard to live,are sometimes,as it were,gasping for breath.I have no doubt that some of you who read this book are unable to pay for all the dinners which you have actually eaten,or for the coats and shoes which are fast wearing or are already worn out,and have come to this page to spend borrowed or stolen time,robbing your creditors of an hour.It is very evident what mean and sneaking lives many of you live,for my sight has been whetted by experience;always on the limits,trying to get into business and trying to get out of debt,a very ancient slough,called by the Latins aes alienum,another's brass,for some of their coins were made of brass;still living,and dying,and buried by this other's brass;always promising to pay,promising to pay，to-morrow,and dying to-day,insolvent;seeking to curry favor,to get custom,by how many modes,only not state-prison offenses;lying,flattering,voting,contracting yourselves into a nutshell of civility,or dilating into an atmosphere of thin and vaporous generosity,that you may persuade your neighbor to let you make his shoes,or his hat,or his coat,or his carriage,or import his groceries for him;making yourselves sick,that you may lay up something against a sick day,something to be tucked away in an old chest,or in a stocking behind the plastering,or,more safely,in the brick bank;no matter where,no matter how much or how little.
I sometimes wonder that we can be so frivolous,I may almost say,as to attend to the gross but somewhat foreign form of servitude called Negro Slavery,there are so many keen and subtle masters that enslave both North and South.It is hard to have a Southern overseer;it is worse to have a Northern one;but worst of all when you are the slave-driver of yourself.Talk of a divinity in man!Look at the teamster on the highway,wending to market by day or night;does any divinity stir within him?His highest duty to fodder and water his horses!What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests?Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir?How godlike,how immortal,is he?See how he cowers and sneaks,how vaguely all the day he fears,not being immortal nor divine,but the slave and prisoner of his own opinion of himself,a fame won by his own deeds.Public opinion is a weak tyrant compared with our own private opinion.What a man thinks of himself,that it is which determines,or rather indicates,his fate.Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination,-what Wilberforce is there to bring that about?Think,also,of the ladies of the land weaving toilet cushions against the last day,not to betray too green an interest in their fates!As if you could kill time without injuring eternity.
The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation.What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.From the desperate city you go into the desperate country,and have to console yourself with the bravery of minks and muskrats.A stereotyped but unconscious despair is concealed even under what are called the games and amusements of mankind.There is no play in them,for this comes after work.But it is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.