书城工具英语同义词的奥秘
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第4章

adjourn,defer,delay,postpone,suspend

动词。这几个词的共同含义是推迟。adjourn一般指会议休会,择期再继续。如:The hearing will be adjourned until tomorrow morning.(听证会推到上午再进行。)defer多指故意拖延。如:He deferred payment of the house rent until his payday.(他拖欠房租直到发工资那一天。)delay指没有固定期限地推迟,往往是由于不可避免的挫折或障碍,又可以指由于主观原因未能按时完成某项工作。如:Their arrival was delayed because of the floods.(由于洪水,他们迟到了。)I don't see why you should delay having your infected tooth pulled.(我不明白你为什么迟迟不把你那颗坏牙拔掉。)postpone一般指把某一件事推迟到另一件事的发生、发现或完成之时。如:We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer.(我们将把旅行推迟到天气暖和起来的时候。)suspend指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现。如:Bus service will be suspended until the highway is repaired.(在公路修好以前,客运暂停。)

admission,admittance

名词。这两个词的共同含义是准许进入。admission是较通用的词,指准许或被许可进入学校、建筑物等,也可用于比喻,指许可加入社团等,如the admission of students to school(准许入学),an admission ticket(入场券),admission to a society(准许入会)等。admittance仅指准许进入某些场所,在这个意义上比admission更正式,且不用于比喻,如no admittance(禁止入内)。

admonish,advise,caution,counsel,warn

动词。这几个词的共同含义是劝告,但语气、轻重程度不尽相同。admonish指提出温和的警告。如:My mother admonished me against arrogance.(母亲告诫我不要骄傲。)advise泛指劝告,其内容可以是建议某人如何如何或劝阻某人如何如何。如:The doctor advised her a simple diet.(大夫建议她吃清淡饮食。)I advised him to give up smoking.(我劝他戒烟。)caution指警告他人谨防可能发生的危险。如:I cautioned him against excessive drinking.(我告诫他不要酗酒。)counsel指正式劝告。如:I counselled him to drive carefully.(我劝他开车要小心。)warn的意思与caution相同,但口气较重,且强调后果。如:The municipal government warned the population of the possibility of another tidal wave coming.(市政府向全体居民发出警告,可能还要发生一次海啸。)

adorn,decorate,embellish,garnish

动词。这几个词的共同含义是装饰。adorn较庄重,多指装饰精湛的艺术品。如:The walls were adorned with paintings.(墙上装饰着绘画。)decorate多指一般地装饰。如:The streets were decorated to welcome a foreign head of state.(为了欢迎一位外国国家元首,街面装饰一新。)embellish指添加细小装饰物。如:Her dress was embellished with lace.(她的连衣裙饰有花边。)garnish特指给食品加装饰,如fish garnished with slices of lemon(用柠檬做配菜的鱼)。

adultery,fornication

名词。这两个词的共同含义是私通。adultery指已婚者与非自己配偶的人发生的性关系。fornication指未婚男女之间发生的性关系。

advance,contribute,further,push

动词。这几个词的共同含义是对已在进行的活动进行促进。advance多指有意识地促进好事,有时也指客观上助长不好的事。如:The selfless patriot tried his best to advance the cause of resistance.(这位无私的爱国者竭尽全力促进抵抗事业。)Malnutrition advanced the worsening of his condition.(营养不良使他的病情更加恶化。)contribute指提供有利的协助,但不一定起决定作用。如:We hope our suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.(我们希望我们的建议将有助于解决这个问题。)further指促进好事,主观愿望不如advance强烈。如:The new arrangements will further the cultural exchanges between the two countries.(新的安排将促进两国之间的文化交流。)push是口语,指催逼。如:The landlady pushed him for the payment of the overdue rent.(女房东催他清偿所欠房租。)

advantage,benefit,interest

名词。这几个词的共同含义是有利因素。advantage指优势、有利条件。如:We have one advantage over our opponents:Our players are taller.(我们比对手略胜一筹:我们的队员个子比较高。)benefit指通过正当手段获得的好处。如:The book has been of much benefit to me.(这书给了我很多益处。)interest着重指涉及个人利害的好处。如:It is to your interest to keep the secret to yourself.(保守这个秘密对你有好处。)

advice,offer,proposal,suggestion

名词。这几个词的共同含义是建议。advice指关于对方应当如何行动的建议,即劝告。如:You will achieve your purpose if you take my advice.(如果你接受我的建议,你会达到目的的。)offer指自愿提供某物或愿意做什么事的建议。如:She made an offer to fix up the watch for me.(她表示愿意帮我把表修好。)proposal指提供人家考虑或讨论的建议,有打定了主意的意味。如:They made a proposal for peace.(他们提出了一项和平建议。)suggestion指可供他人考虑的建议,有并不坚持己见的意思。如:She made a suggestion for an outing.(她建议去郊游。)

adviser,counsellor

名词。这两个词都泛指顾问,如an adviser in agriculture(农业顾问),a beauty counsellor(美容顾问)等。counsellor尤指法律顾问。

advocate,prescribe,recommend,suggest

动词。这几个词的共同含义是劝告或建议。advocate指强烈地劝告或建议。如:The doctor advocates relinquishment of smoking to patients of the lung cancer.(大夫力主肺癌患者戒烟。)prescribe专指医生建议,病人应该怎样。如:The doctor prescribed a vegetable diet for me.(大夫嘱咐我吃素。)recommend指一般地劝告或建议。如:The article recommends jogging to those who want to slim.(这篇文章建议想减肥的人去进行慢跑锻炼。)suggest指提出不成熟的建议。如:He suggested several methods for my consideration.(他提出几种办法,供我考虑。)

aeon,age,cycle,epoch,era,generation,period

名词。这几个词是表示长时间的概念的词。aeon指无法计算的漫长时期,通常用复数形式。如:We know little of the aeons before man's appearance on this planet.(对于人类在这个星球上出现之前的漫长时期,我们几乎不了解。)age指历史上某段特殊时期,即时代,通常大写,如the Iron Age(铁器时代)。cycle指周期。如:Sixty years make a Chinese Cycle.(60年是一个甲子。)epoch指人类历史上的特定时代。如:The epoch of the Spanish conquest of the new world lasted long.(西班牙占有新大陆的时代持续得很久。)era专指历史上某个具体时代,但往往比epoch更长。如:The publication of that book marked a new era in the history of genetics.(那部书的出版标志着遗传学史的新时代。)generation指从一个人的诞生到其子女的诞生这一期间,即一代,一般是30年。如:The people of both Countries will surely maintain their friendship from generation to generation.(两国人民一定会世世代代友好下去。)period的使用范围最广,它可以指很长一段时间,也可以指很短的时间。如:We had a rest period of five minutes.(我们休息了5分钟。)His experience in teaching mathematics covered a period of half a century.(他有半个世纪讲授数学的经验。)

aeroplane(airplane,plane),aircraft

名词。这两个词都指飞行器。前者专指飞机,后者包括不同类型的飞行器,如airliner(客机),attack plane(攻击机),bomber(轰炸机),fighter(战斗机),helicopter(直升机),reconnaissance plane(侦察机)以及airship(飞艇),balloon(气球),rocket(火箭),satellite(人造卫星),spaceship(宇宙飞船)等。

affect,assume,feign,pretend

动词。这几个词的共同含义是假装。affect通常指出于欺骗地伪装。如:The boy affected illness so that he need not go to school.(这男孩装病为的是不用上学。)assume着重指情感方面进行伪装。如:The hypocrite assumed an air of grief.(这伪君子装出悲伤的样子。)feign侧重于以动作来进行伪装。如:She feigned to be asleep.(她假装睡着了。)pretend与affect同义,但含有更多的欺骗成分。如:He pretended to be insane.(他装疯卖傻。)