associate,colleague,companion,company,comrade
名词。这几个词的共同含义是共同从事某种活动的人。associate指合伙进行某种事业的伙伴。colleague指同事。companion指同伴。company指伴侣们,也指客人(不分单复数)。comrade指亲密的伙伴、志同道合的人。
assurance,insurance
名词。这两个词的含义之一是保险。insurance是通用的词,还指保险业、保险赔偿金额、保险费等。
asylum,refuge,shelter
名词。这几个词的共同含义是庇护所。asylum一般指专为收容、保护、救济遭受不幸者而成立的设施,如收容所、救济院等。refuge指任何避险或避难的安全地带,如收容所、(街心)安全岛等。shelter多指躲避风雨的地方。
attach,connect,couple,join,link,unite
动词。这几个词的共同含义是人或事物间密切联系。attach指把局部连接到整体上,把小的物体连接到大的物体上,把可以移动的东西连接到固定的东西上。如:The hospital is attached to a certain university.(这所医院附属于某大学。)connect指把两个物体在某一点上连接起来,双方还各自独立。如:A bus line connects the zoo with the railway station.(一条公共汽车路线连接动物园和火车站。)couple指连接两件同类的东西。如:They coupled the railway coaches.(他们把火车车厢连接起来。)join指连接本来是分离的两部分,将来也还可能分离。如:The two groups joined forces against a common enemy.(两派合力反对共同的敌人。)link指像一环套一环那样连接两件以上的东西。如:They linked their arms.(他们把手臂挽在一起。)unite指联合成为一个整体。如:The states united to form a federation.(各邦联合起来,组成联邦。)
attempt,endeavo(u)r,strive,try
动词。这几个词的含义之一是力求做成某事。attempt意为“试图”,是比较文雅的词。如:He attempted to fulfil a difficult task.(他试图完成一项困难的任务。)endeavo(u)r意为“力图”。如:The alcoholic endeavo(u)red to stop drinking.(这个酗酒者努力戒酒。)strive指为克服障碍进行艰苦努力。如:He strove to make both ends meet on a small salary.(他竭力靠微薄的收入过日子。)try的含义大致与attempt相同,最为通俗。
attend,heed,mind,note,notice,observe,remark
动词。这几个词都有“注意”的意思。attend是通用的词,强调“专心于”。如:He attended to his duties day and night.(他日日夜夜专心致志地尽自己的职责。)heed是古雅的书面语,常用于否定句。如:She didn't heed my warning.(她没理会我的警告。)mind通常作“留心”、“当心”解,多用于祈使句的口语。如:Mind your finger!(当心你的手指头!)note指主动注意或提醒人们注意。如:It must be noted that it is the temperature that decides the reaction.(必须注意到,决定反应的性质的是温度。)notice常指不自觉地注意到。如:The light was too dim for anybody to notice his astonishment.(灯光太暗,谁也没注意到他惊讶的表情。)observe指有意识地注意到。如:The scouts observed the enemy engineers erecting the posts for barbed wires.(侦察兵注意到敌人工兵立有刺铁丝网的桩子。)remark一般指经过思维活动而注意到。如:I remarked that the same person ran through the park every day at the same hour.(我注意到,这人每天在同一时间跑步穿过公园。)
attribute,characteristic,feature,mark,peculiarity,quality,trait
名词。这几个词的共同含义是“一个人、地方、现象或事物的特点特征”。attribute指属性。如:Darkness is an attribute of night.(黑暗乃夜晚的属性之一。)characteristic用于日常生活方面,也用于科学技术方面,如the characteristics of the present situation(目前形势的特点),television characteristics(电视机性能)。feature多指生理上或自然条件方面的特点。如:Her eyes are her most prominent feature.(她的眼睛是长得最引人注意的。)mark指人或动物身上便于辨认的斑点、疤痕之类的特征。如:His left arm bears the mark of a bullet.(他的左臂上留有枪弹伤痕。)peculiarity专指明显的特点。如:Severe winter is a peculiarity of the climate in Inner Mongolia.(冬季严寒是内蒙古气候的一个特点。)quality的含义比上述各词都更为广泛,可指暂时的或长期的属性,可指积极或消极的属性,一般多指通过印象总结出来的抽象的特点。如:He kept the fine qualities of the working people all his life.(他一生始终保持着劳动人民的优良品质。)trait多指某人或某物习惯性的特点。如:Suspiciousness is one of his traits in his contacts with people.(多疑是他与人交往中的特点之一。)
audit,examine,inspect,investigate,scrutinize
动词。这几个词的共同含义是检查。audit专指对账目进行检查,即审计。如:The auditing bodies should supervise through auditing the revenues and expenditures of enterprises and institutions.(审计机构应对企业事业组织的财务收支进行审计监督。)examine应用范围最广,包括检查、检验等。如:The doctor examined me carefully.(医生仔细地检查了我的身体。)inspect指详细检查,并有视察的意思,如inspect a hospital(视察医院)。investigate指调查研究。如:A committee was formed to investigate the cause of that accident.(成立了一个委员会调查那次事故的起因。)scrutinize指以批判的态度严谨地、详细地查验。如:The museum experts scrutinized the picture for signs of counterfeiting.(博物馆的专家们仔细检视这幅画,看是否有伪造的迹象。)
augur,divine,forecast,foreshadow,foretell,predict,prophesy
动词。这几个词的共同含义是“根据事物的某种迹象预先知道”。augur指预兆。如:A timely snow augurs well for a good harvest.(瑞雪兆丰年。)divine指凭直觉推测。如:He divined that the intellectual would have a successful official career.(一名算命先生预言,这位书生将官运亨通。)forecast指预报、预测未来某时将发生什么事,但目前多用于预报天气。如:Weather satellites make it easier to forecast typhoons.(有了气象卫星,预报台风就比较容易了。)foreshadow大致与augur相同,是古文用词。foretell往往指根据客观因素预测。如:There are signs foretelling the death sentence to be passed on him.(有迹象表明,他将被判处死刑。)predict泛指预言,可以指预测、预示,也可以指科学地预见。如:They predicted that he would divorce her within a year of their marriage.(他们预言他将于结婚后一年内与她离婚。)The magazine predicted the results of the election with amazing accuracy.(这家杂志对选举结果的预测准确得惊人。)prophesy指英明地预见。如:They said he could prophesy everything that might happen in international relations.(他们说,他可以预见到国际关系中可能发生的任何事情。)
avenue,boulevard,clearway,drive,expressway,highway,motorway,road,street
名词。这些词的含义都是街道或大路,但又不完全相同。avenue指林荫小路,特别是通到私人住宅者,也指城市中的大街。boulevard指林荫大道。clearway指公路上的遇障通道,仅供遇到困难时停车之用。drive指私人住宅从花园通到车库的车道。expressway是美式英语的高速公路。highway指公路。motorway是英式英语的高速公路。road指一般道路或公路。street指城镇中的街道。
aversion,disfavo(u)r,dislike,distaste
名词。这几个词的共同含义是“不喜欢”。aversion指“不愿接近”。disfavo(u)r指“不赞成”。dislike指“感到不合自己的爱好”。distaste指“感到不合自己的口味”。